Canine angiostrongylosis: an emerging disease in Europe
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this article is to review Angiostrongylus vasorum infection in dogs, including the life cycle, signalment, clinical signs, diagnosis, and treatment. Apparent changes in the epidemiology of this unique parasite are considered, alongside information available regarding its recent geographic spread. ETIOLOGY: A. vasorum is a metastrongyloid parasite capable of causing an array of clinical problems in dogs, including cardiorespiratory, coagulopathic, and neurologic signs. Currently, the parasite has a worldwide distribution; however, it usually arises in small pockets of enzootic foci. Recent reports suggest a changing distribution of this parasite, which has renewed interest in its epidemiology and in the risk of expansion to new areas including mainland North America. DIAGNOSIS: A definitive diagnosis of angiostrongylosis is usually made using the modified Baermann technique either using feces or tracheobronchial secretions; however, this review also discusses novel methods such as serologic and molecular techniques. THERAPY: Once a diagnosis of angiostrongylosis is made, prompt treatment should follow with anthelmintic drugs (such as moxidectin/imidacloprid, milbemycin oxime, or fenbendazole) and supportive care dependent upon the patient's clinical signs. Currently, there is no proven prophylactic regime. PROGNOSIS: The prognosis appears to be very dependent upon the severity of clinical signs at presentation. A. vasorum can be fatal and death may be sudden. However, if a prompt diagnosis is made and appropriate treatment is administered complete clinical resolution is possible.
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Cardio-respiratory nematodes affecting dogs and cats are nowadays prevalent in several countries, with growing importance due to clinical impact, possible zoonotic hazard, and geographical emergence and spreading in both endemic regions and areas previously free of infection.
“Cardio-respiratory nematodes affecting dogs and cats are nowadays prevalent in several countries, where they have a growing importance due to their clinical impact, possible zoonotic hazard, and geographical emergence and spreading in both endemic regions and areas previously free of infection.”
From Fleas infesting pets in the era of emerging extra-intestinal nematodes (2013) · cites this paper as [4]
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- Authors
- Helm, J. R., Morgan, E. R., Jackson, M. W., Wotton, P., & Bell, R.
- Affiliations
- University of Glasgow (GB)
- Venue
- Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2010-02
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 98-109
- ISSN
- 1476-4431 (ISSN-L)
- 1479-3261
- OpenAlex
- W1969351561
- Cited by
- 116
- References
- 94
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 0.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Portal (Queen's University Belfast) (submittedVersion)
- Bristol Research (University of Bristol) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Insect Science › Mollusks and Parasites Studies
- Health Sciences › Veterinary › Small Animals › Helminth infection and control
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Parasitic infections in humans and animals
- Keywords
- canine angiostrongylosis, Angiostrongylus vasorum, dogs, emerging infectious diseases, parasite life cycle, clinical signs, diagnosis, serological diagnosis, molecular diagnosis, anthelmintic treatment, milbemycin oxime, fenbendazole, prognosis, geographic spread, coagulopathy, neurological signs
- MeSH terms
- Angiostrongylus, Animals, Anthelmintics, Disease Reservoirs, Dog Diseases, Dogs, Europe, Host-Parasite Interactions, Life Cycle Stages, Prognosis, Snails, Strongylida Infections, Disease Transmission, Infectious, Communicable Diseases, Emerging
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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