Cited by 1,569Corporate Social Responsibility ReportingEnvironmental Sustainability in BusinessAuditing, Earnings Management, Governance

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 18 of the 19 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Greenwash: Corporate Environmental Disclosure under Threat of Audit

Lyon, Thomas P., Maxwell, John W.·2011·Journal of Economics & Management Strategy

DOI 10.1111/j.1530-9134.2010.00282.x

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

We develop an economic model of “greenwash,” in which a firm strategically discloses environmental information and an activist may audit and penalize the firm for disclosing positive but not negative aspects of its environmental profile. We fully characterize the model's equilibria, and derive a variety of predictions about disclosure behavior. We rationalize conflicting results in the empirical literature, finding a nonmonotonic relationship between a firm's expected environmental performance and its environmental disclosures. Greater activist pressure deters greenwash, but induces some firms to disclose less about their environmental performance. Environmental management systems discourage firms with poor expected environmental performance from greenwashing, which may justify public policies encouraging firms to adopt them.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1111/j.1530-9134.2010.00282.x

Cites

18 of 18 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Revisiting the relation between environmental performance and environmental disclosure: An empirical analysis
Clarkson, P. M., Li, Y., Richardson, G. D., & Vasvari, F. P. (2008) · Accounting, Organizations and Society · doi:10.1016/j.aos.2007.05.003 · Cited by 3,570
Discretionary disclosure
Verrecchia, R. E. (1983) · Journal of Accounting and Economics · doi:10.1016/0165-4101(83)90011-3 · Cited by 3,481
The role of environmental disclosures as tools of legitimacy: A research note
Cho, C. H., & Patten, D. M. (2007) · Accounting, Organizations and Society · doi:10.1016/j.aos.2006.09.009 · Cited by 2,069
Intra-industry environmental disclosures in response to the Alaskan oil spill: A note on legitimacy theory
Patten, D. M. (1992) · Accounting, Organizations and Society · doi:10.1016/0361-3682(92)90042-q · Cited by 1,493
The relation between environmental performance and environmental disclosure: a research note
Patten, D. M. (2002) · Accounting Organizations and Society · doi:10.1016/s0361-3682(02)00028-4 · Cited by 1,492
Social Accountability and Corporate Greenwashing
Laufer, W. S. (2003) · Journal of Business Ethics · doi:10.1023/a:1022962719299 · Cited by 1,297
Do Australian companies report environmental news objectively?
Deegan, C. M., & Rankin, M. (1996) · Accounting Auditing & Accountability Journal · doi:10.1108/09513579610116358 · Cited by 1,175
Relying on the Information of Interested Parties
Milgrom, P., & Roberts, J. H. (1986) · The RAND Journal of Economics · doi:10.2307/2555625 · Cited by 1,130
Responding to public and private politics: corporate disclosure of climate change strategies
Reid, E. M., & Toffel, M. W. (2009) · Strategic Management Journal · doi:10.1002/smj.796 · Cited by 1,093
Firms' Disclosure Reactions to Major Social Incidents: Australian Evidence
Deegan, C. M., Rankin, M., & Voght, P. (2000) · Accounting Forum · doi:10.1111/1467-6303.00031 · Cited by 645

Show all 19 references

Research works printed but not linked: 7

Coglianese, 2001, Regulating from the Inside: Can Environmental Management Systems Achieve Policy Goals
Delmas, 2000, Barriers and Incentives to the Adoption of ISO 14001 by Firms in the United States, Duke Environmental Law and Policy Forum, 11, 1
Greer, 1996, Greenwash: The Reality Behind Corporate Environmentalism
Grossman, 2001, Special Interest Politics
Johnson, 2003, Don't Be Fooled: The Ten Worst Greenwashers of 2003
Kim , E.H. T.P. Lyon Strategic Environmental Disclosure: Evidence from the DOE's Voluntary Greenhouse Gas Registry,” Journal of Environmental Economics and Management (forthcoming).
Milgrom, 1992, Economics, Organization and Management

Sorted by citations

Items 501–600 of 1,001

The New Heretics: Hybrid Organizations and the Challenges They Present to Corporate SustainabilityPreprint
Haigh, N., & Hoffman, A. J. (2014) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2932327 · Cited by 24
The Regulation of Corporate Environmental Responsibility
Lu, M., & Faure, M. (2015) · China-EU law series · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-48273-5_10 · Cited by 19
Environmental greenwashing in Japan: the roles of corporate governance and assurance
Frendy, F., Oshika, T., & Koike, M. (2024) · Meditari Accountancy Research · doi:10.1108/medar-11-2023-2216 · Cited by 21
Institutional Investors' Site Visits and Corporate Greenwashing: Evidence From China
Chen, L., Fang, H.-X., Xiong, J., & Yang, Z. (2025) · Journal of International Financial Management and Accounting · doi:10.1111/jifm.12237 · Cited by 21
Sustainability, the Triple Bottom Line and Corporate Social Responsibility
Conway, E. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-91113-7_2 · Cited by 27
An ESG Ratings Free Assessment of Socially Responsible Investment Strategies
Fiordelisi, F., Galloppo, G., Lattanzio, G., & Paimanova, V. (2020) · Journal of International Money and Finance · doi:10.1016/j.jimonfin.2023.102917 · Cited by 32
Does family culture hamper corporate deceptive green behavior decision-making?
Zhang, D., Guo, Y., & Vigne, S. A. (2024) · Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization · doi:10.1016/j.jebo.2024.106812 · Cited by 21
Supervision after Certification: An Evolutionary Game Analysis for Chinese Environmental Labeled Enterprises
Jin, J., Zhuang, J., & Zhao, Q. (2018) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su10051494 · Cited by 21
Does ESG decoupling reduce customer stability? Evidence from China
Chen, X., Wan, P., & Wang, Q. (2024) · Applied Economics · doi:10.1080/00036846.2024.2385756 · Cited by 20
Unveiling Investor Motivation and Trust in Impact Investing: Evidence from Global Green Bond Issuances
Liang, C., Ma, X., & Liao, X. (2024) · Journal of Business Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10551-024-05891-w · Cited by 20
To Tell or Not to Tell? On the Under Communicating of Sustainability in Digital Environments
Guercini, S., Monteverde, G., Runfola, A., & Milanesi, M. (2025) · Business Strategy and the Environment · doi:10.1002/bse.70001 · Cited by 20
On fraud and certification of corporate social responsibility
Arguedas, C., & Blanco, E. (2014) · LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) · Cited by 20
YEŞİLE BOYAMA VE YEŞİL SATIN ALMA DAVRANIŞI: ÇEVRESEL AÇIDAN SÜRDÜRÜLEBİLİR BİR BAKIŞ AÇISI
Çavuşoğlu, S., & Demirağ, B. (2022) · Erciyes Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi · doi:10.18070/erciyesiibd.997078 · Cited by 20
Corporate Social Responsibility
Manning, L. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-64738-8_7 · Cited by 20
The Uneven Returns of Transparency in Voluntary Nonfinancial Disclosures
Andrus, J., Callery, P. J., & Grandy, J. B. (2022) · Organization & Environment · doi:10.1177/10860266221083338 · Cited by 22
The Influence of Internal Governance and External Legitimacy on Greenwashing: A Digitalization Perspective
Zhang, K., Ahmed, B., Wang, R., & Gu, B. (2023) · Environment Development and Sustainability · doi:10.1007/s10668-023-04105-z · Cited by 20
Influential mapping of SDG disclosures based on innovation and knowledge using an integrated decision-making approach
Dınçer, H., El-Assadi, A., Saad, M. M., & Yüksel, S. (2024) · Journal of Innovation & Knowledge · doi:10.1016/j.jik.2024.100466 · Cited by 21
ARE sustainable funds doing the talk and the walk? An ESG score analysis of fund portfolio holdings
Meyers, S. M., Ferrero‐Ferrero, I., & Torres, M. J. M. (2024) · International Review of Economics & Finance · doi:10.1016/j.iref.2024.04.023 · Cited by 22
CSR Communication and Environmental Issue Networks in Virtual Space: A Cross-National Study
Yang, A., & Liu, W. (2018) · Business & Society · doi:10.1177/0007650318763565 · Cited by 20
Opaque transparency: How material affordances shape intermediary work
Avidan, M., Etzion, D., & Gehman, J. (2018) · Regulation & Governance · doi:10.1111/rego.12217 · Cited by 20
Consumer Awareness of Fashion Greenwashing: Insights from Social Media Discussions
Li, M., Cavender, R., & Lee, M. (2025) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su17072982 · Cited by 30
Greenwashing in ESG information disclosure: An intertemporal signaling game approach
Xu, X., Li, Z., & Liu, F. (2025) · International Journal of Production Economics · doi:10.1016/j.ijpe.2025.109674 · Cited by 19
Yeşile Boyama ve Yeşil Satın Alma Davranışı Arasındaki İlişkide Yeşil Marka İmajı ve Yeşil Marka Sadakatinin Aracılık Rolü(The Mediating Role of Green Brand Image and Green Brand Loyalty in the Relationship between Greenwash and Green Purchase Behavior)
Çavuşoğlu, S. (2021) · Journal of Business Research - Turk · doi:10.20491/isarder.2021.1252 · Cited by 19
Reciprocity in Firm–Stakeholder Dialog: Timeliness, Valence, Richness, and Topicality
Nartey, L. J., Henisz, W. J., & Dorobantu, S. (2022) · Journal of Business Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10551-022-05063-8 · Cited by 19
YEŞİL YIKAMA İLE MÜCADELE: AVRUPA BİRLİĞİ’NDE YEŞİL İDDİALARIN DOĞRULANMASI GİRİŞİMİ
VERAL, E. S. (2022) · Sayıştay Dergisi · doi:10.52836/sayistay.1110591 · Cited by 19
Shrinking the capital costs and beta risk impediments through ESG: study of an emerging market
Gupta, S., & Aggarwal, D. (2023) · Asian Review of Accounting · doi:10.1108/ara-05-2023-0130 · Cited by 19
The impact of environmental crimes and profitability on environmental disclosure in Malaysian SME sector: The role of leverage
Adnan, S. M., Alahdal, W. M., Alrazi, B., & Husin, N. M. (2023) · Cogent Business & Management · doi:10.1080/23311975.2023.2274616 · Cited by 19
Unleashing Fintech’s potential: A catalyst for green bonds issuance
Huang, J., Liu, R., Wang, W., Wang, Z., Wang, C., & Jin, Y. J. (2024) · Journal of International Financial Markets Institutions and Money · doi:10.1016/j.intfin.2024.102009 · Cited by 23
A global study of climate uncertainty and carbon assurance
Luo, L., & Zhang, J. (2024) · The British Accounting Review · doi:10.1016/j.bar.2024.101425 · Cited by 19
Firms’ voluntary climate action disclosures and stock market reaction: A BERT-based analysis of earnings conference calls in China
Shao, M., & Xue, M. (2024) · Journal of Climate Finance · doi:10.1016/j.jclimf.2024.100047 · Cited by 20
The Influence of Brand Greenwashing on EV Purchase Intention: The Moderating Role of Consumer Innovativeness and Peer Brand Attitude
Liao, Y., & Wu, L. (2024) · World Electric Vehicle Journal · doi:10.3390/wevj15070313 · Cited by 20
Environmental Reputation: Attribution from Distinct Environmental Strategies
Kumar, A. A. (2018) · Corporate Reputation Review · doi:10.1057/s41299-018-0047-6 · Cited by 19
The Effect of Mandatory Publication of Nonfinancial Disclosure in Europe on Sustainability Reporting Quality: First Insights about Italian and German Companies
Mion, G., & Adaui, C. R. L. (2020) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/s1479-351220200000034005 · Cited by 22
Mesurer les performances extrafinancières
Capelle‐Blancard, G., & Petit, A. (2013) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · doi:10.3166/rfg.236.109-125 · Cited by 19
Would consumers pay for environmental innovation? The moderating role of corporate environmental violations
Long, S., & Liao, Z. (2021) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-021-12811-2 · Cited by 19
Environmental responsibility: internal motives and customer expectations of a winter sport provider
MacIntosh, E. W., Apostolis, N., & Walker, M. (2013) · Journal of Sport & Tourism · doi:10.1080/14775085.2013.838145 · Cited by 19
Accelerating Sustainability: Why Political Economy Matters
(16265324), H. S., & (11928588), I. S. (2018) · Human Rights Documents online · doi:10.1163/2210-7975_hrd-0148-2015069 · Cited by 19
Signaling Corporate Social Responsibility: Third‐Party Certification versus Brands
Étilé, F., & Teyssier, S. (2015) · Scandinavian Journal of Economics · doi:10.1111/sjoe.12150 · Cited by 18
The effect of CEO’s compensation in driving corporate ESG greenwashing: Evidence from China
Li, K., Lin, T.-Y., & Zhu, G. (2024) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0312247 · Cited by 22
Corporations at a crossroads: How multilevel governance interactions shape participation and effort in private governance regimes
Hsueh, L. (2019) · Governance · doi:10.1111/gove.12406 · Cited by 21
Caring or Pretending to Care? Social Impact, Firms’ Objectives, and Welfare
Fioretti, M. (2022) · Journal of Political Economy · doi:10.1086/720459 · Cited by 18
Do Firms Experiencing More Wildfires Disclose More Wildfire Information in Their 10-Ks?
Griffin, P. A., Jiang, Y., & Sun, E. Y. (2020) · Journal of Business Finance & Accounting · doi:10.1111/jbfa.12674 · Cited by 20
When and where does it pay to be green? – A look into socially responsible investing and the cost of equity capital
Wang, Y., Delgado, M. S., & Xu, J. (2023) · International Journal of Corporate Social Responsibility · doi:10.1186/s40991-023-00077-5 · Cited by 22
The Impact of Tax Avoidance and Environmental Performance on Tax Disclosure in CSR Reports
Hardeck, I., Inger, K. K., Moore, R., & Schneider, J. (2023) · Journal of the American Taxation Association · doi:10.2308/jata-2021-030 · Cited by 18
Climate action information disclosure in Colombian companies: A regional and sectorial analysis
Rodríguez, M. C. L., Gambetta, N., & Benau, M. A. G. (2023) · Urban Climate · doi:10.1016/j.uclim.2023.101626 · Cited by 18
Green preferences sustain greenwashing: challenges in the cultural transition to a sustainable future
von Flüe, L., Efferson, C. M., & Vogt, S. (2023) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2022.0268 · Cited by 20
The Effects of ESG Management on Business Performance: The Case of Incheon International Airport
Lee, S., Park, J.-W., & Choi, D. (2023) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su152416831 · Cited by 26
The effects of environmental quality misperception on investments and regulation
Lambertini, L., Pignataro, G., & Tampieri, A. (2019) · International Journal of Production Economics · doi:10.1016/j.ijpe.2019.107579 · Cited by 18
Use of Discretionary Environmental Accounting Narratives to Influence Stakeholders: The Case of Jurors’ Award Assessments
Lee, W. E., & Sweeney, J. T. (2014) · Journal of Business Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10551-014-2191-y · Cited by 18
Honest versus Misleading Certification
Mahenc, P. (2017) · Journal of Economics & Management Strategy · doi:10.1111/jems.12195 · Cited by 18
Sustainability assurance provider participation in standard setting
Flasher, R., Luchs, C., & Souza, J. L. (2018) · Research in Accounting Regulation · doi:10.1016/j.racreg.2018.03.003 · Cited by 18
To Agree or Disagree? An Analysis of CSR Ratings Firms
Conway, E. (2019) · Social and Environmental Accountability Journal · doi:10.1080/0969160x.2019.1613248 · Cited by 19
Corporate social responsibility penetration, explicitness, and symbolic communication practices in Asia: A national business system exploration of leading firms in sustainability
Conte, F., Vollero, A., Covucci, C., & Siano, A. (2020) · Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management · doi:10.1002/csr.1895 · Cited by 18
The Pitfall of Selective Environmental Information Disclosure on Stock Price Crash Risk: Evidence From Polluting Listed Companies in China
Xu, F., Ji, Q., & Yang, M. (2021) · Frontiers in Environmental Science · doi:10.3389/fenvs.2021.622345 · Cited by 18
DO BUSINESSES THAT DISCLOSE CLIMATE CHANGE INFORMATION EMIT LESS CARBON? EVIDENCE FROM S&P 500 FIRMS
Hsueh, L. (2022) · Climate Change Economics · doi:10.1142/s2010007822500038 · Cited by 21
Sources of specification errors in the assessment of voluntary environmental programs: understanding program impacts
Matisoff, D. C. (2014) · Policy Sciences · doi:10.1007/s11077-014-9204-7 · Cited by 18
Systems for Sustainability and Transparency of Food Supply Chains
Manning, L. (2018) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-811935-8.00005-6 · Cited by 18
Institutional means-ends decoupling work in industrial R&D project implementation
Jabbouri, R., Truong, Y., Schneckenberg, D., & Palmer, M. (2019) · Industrial Marketing Management · doi:10.1016/j.indmarman.2019.01.012 · Cited by 18
Do Actions Speak Louder Than Words? The Case of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)
Hawn, O. V. (2012) · Academy of Management Proceedings · doi:10.5465/ambpp.2012.329 · Cited by 18
The Value of Corporate Citizenship: ProtectionPreprint
Minor, D. B. (2015) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2651890 · Cited by 18
Sustainability Committee Effectiveness and CSR AssurancePreprint
Chapple, L. L., Chen, Z., & Zhang, Y. (2017) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2967165 · Cited by 18
Firm commitments on climate change: Effects of science‐based targets on financial outcomes during the COVID‐19 crisis
Ben‐Amar, W., Comyns, B., & Martínez, I. (2024) · Business Strategy and the Environment · doi:10.1002/bse.3890 · Cited by 20
Government environmental attention and enterprise greenwashing behavior: evidence from China
Zheng, X., & Li, W. (2024) · Journal of Asian Business and Economic Studies · doi:10.1108/jabes-03-2024-0144 · Cited by 17
An Exploratory Study of the Association Between Green Bond Features and ESG Performance
Wu, S. J., Raghupathi, W., & Raghupathi, V. (2025) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su17052094 · Cited by 23
The role of independent directors in mitigating corporate greenwashing: evidence from board voting in China
Ma, L., Li, J., Cheng, L. T. W., & Cao, J. (2025) · European Journal of Finance · doi:10.1080/1351847x.2025.2481957 · Cited by 17
The Effect of Non-optional Green Practices in Hotels on Guests’ Behavioral Intentions
Kim, D., & Roseman, M. G. (2020) · Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality & Tourism · doi:10.1080/1528008x.2020.1867697 · Cited by 17
An algorithmic historiography of biodiversity accounting literature
Maione, G., Cuccurullo, C., & Tommasetti, A. (2023) · Accounting Auditing & Accountability Journal · doi:10.1108/aaaj-06-2022-5883 · Cited by 17
Corporate social responsibility communication in the ICT sector: digital issues, greenwashing, and materiality
Famularo, J. (2023) · International Journal of Corporate Social Responsibility · doi:10.1186/s40991-023-00082-8 · Cited by 17
The role of emission disclosure for the low-carbon transition
Frankovic, I., & Kolb, B. (2024) · European Economic Review · doi:10.1016/j.euroecorev.2024.104792 · Cited by 18
Unveiling the influence of corporate greenwashing on employees' pro‐environmental behavior: A cross‐cultural study from China, United Kingdom, Republic of Korea, and Japan
Tao, Z., & Chao, J. (2024) · Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management · doi:10.1002/csr.2896 · Cited by 20
Corporate Political Transparency
Mithani, M. A. (2016) · Business & Society · doi:10.1177/0007650316679991 · Cited by 18
Is an Incentive Policy for Energy Efficient Products Effective for Air Purifiers? The Case of South Korea
Kim, W., Ko, S., Oh, M., Choi, I.-J., & Shin, J. (2019) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en12091664 · Cited by 17
Culture and Green Advertising Preference: A Comparative and Critical Discursive Analysis
Liu, S., & Liu, X. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01944 · Cited by 17
Corporate strategy and the environment: towards a four-dimensional compatibility model for fostering green management decisions
Martinez, F. (2014) · Corporate Governance · doi:10.1108/cg-02-2014-0030 · Cited by 17
Who provides corporate social responsibility (CSR) assurance and what are the implications of the various assurance practices?
Ackers, B. (2015) · Journal of Economic and Financial Sciences · doi:10.4102/jef.v8i1.87 · Cited by 17
Coalitions and Public Action in the Reshaping of Corporate Responsibility: The Case of the Retail Banking Industry
González, M. D. L. C., Froud, J., & Tischer, D. (2020) · Journal of Business Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10551-020-04529-x · Cited by 18
Publicité verte et greenwashing
Cordelier, B., & Breduillieard, P. (2014) · Gestion 2000 · doi:10.3917/g2000.306.0115 · Cited by 17
Do Corporate Social Responsibility Ratings Predict Corporate Social Performance
Chatterji, A., Levine, D. I., & Toffel, M. W. (2007) · Cited by 17
Engaging Supply Chains in Climate ChangePreprint
Jira, C. F., & Toffel, M. W. (2012) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.1943690 · Cited by 17
Floodlight or spotlight? Public attention and corporate social responsibility decoupling
He, L., & Gan, S. (2024) · Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management · doi:10.1002/csr.2950 · Cited by 16
The Rise of Investor‐Driven Climate Governance: From Myth to Institution?
Kaplan, R., & Levy, D. L. (2025) · Regulation & Governance · doi:10.1111/rego.70000 · Cited by 16
External financing demands, media attention and the impression management of carbon information disclosure
Luo, X., Zhang, Q., & Zhang, S. (2021) · Carbon Management · doi:10.1080/17583004.2021.1899755 · Cited by 16
Organizing Sustainable Development
Kuźniarska, A., Mania, K., & Jedynak, M. (2023) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781003379409 · Cited by 24
Corporate governance perspective on environmental reporting: Literature review and future research agenda
Aluchna, M., Roszkowska-Menkes, M., & Khan, S. (2023) · Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management · doi:10.1002/csr.2643 · Cited by 17
Can we rest easy under the registration-based IPO reform? Evidence from the Chinese growth enterprise market
Jiang, C., Xu, J., Xu, Q., & Fu, W. (2024) · Economic Analysis and Policy · doi:10.1016/j.eap.2024.08.007 · Cited by 16
Corporate environmental publicity and green innovation: are words consistent with actions?
Lai, H., Quan, L., Wu, F., Tang, S., Guo, C., & Lai, X. (2025) · Humanities and Social Sciences Communications · doi:10.1057/s41599-025-04826-8 · Cited by 16
This Ain’t Your Daddy’s Greenwashing: An Assessment of the American Petroleum Institute’s Power Past Impossible Campaign
Sheehan, K. B. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-13-2155-9_11 · Cited by 16
Analyst forecast quality and corporate social responsibility: the mediation effect of corporate governance
Shan, Y. G., Yang, J. W., Zhang, J., & Chang, M. (2022) · Meditari Accountancy Research · doi:10.1108/medar-02-2021-1200 · Cited by 17
Gone with the Wind: The Evolving Influence of Social Movements and Counter Movements on Entrepreneurial Activity in the US Wind Industry
Carlos, W. C., Sine, W., Lee, B., & Haveman, H. A. (2018) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/s0742-332220180000038018 · Cited by 16
An Experimental Study of the Impact of Greenwashing on Attitudes toward Fossil Fuel Corporations’ Sustainability Initiatives
Friedman, R. S., & Campbell, D. S. (2023) · Environmental Communication · doi:10.1080/17524032.2023.2215959 · Cited by 19
The Impact of ESG Regulation on Environmental Decoupling—An Exploratory Study on Polish Listed Companies
Papa, M., Wieczorek‐Kosmala, M., Losa-Jończyk, A., & Swałek, A. (2024) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su16177309 · Cited by 15
Social Trust and Corporate Greenwashing: Insights from China's Pilot Social Credit Systems
Xiong, J., Chen, L., Zhu, Y., & Maak, T. (2025) · Journal of Business Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10551-025-06076-9 · Cited by 15
Greenwashing in the Fashion Industry: Definitions, Consequences, and the Role of Digital Technologies in Enabling Consumers to Spot Greenwashing
Khorsand, D. B., Wang, X., Ryding, D., & Vignali, G. (2023) · Springer texts in business and economics · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-33302-6_6 · Cited by 15
Green Bonds Drive Environmental Performance: Evidences from China
Luo, X., & Lyu, C. (2024) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su16104223 · Cited by 15
Going Green: Effect of green bond issuance on corporate debt financing costs
Ruan, Q., Li, C., Lv, D., & Wei, X. (2024) · The North American Journal of Economics and Finance · doi:10.1016/j.najef.2024.102299 · Cited by 15
Corporate governance and environmental disclosure: a comparative analysis
Aly, D., Hasan, A., Obioru, B., & Nakpodia, F. (2024) · Corporate Governance · doi:10.1108/cg-01-2024-0063 · Cited by 15
State-owned equity participation and greenwashing behavior: evidence from Chinese private enterprises
Ren, G., Jing, M., Liu, L., & Zheng, M. (2024) · International Journal of Emerging Markets · doi:10.1108/ijoem-07-2024-1145 · Cited by 15
Do Regulatory Pressures and Stakeholder Expectations Drive CSR Adherence in the Chemical Industry?
Al-Harbi, K. M., Elshamly, A., & Mahgoub, I. G. (2025) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su17052128 · Cited by 15
On the credibility of ethical banking
Francesca Barigozzi, Y., & Tedeschi, P. (2019) · Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization · doi:10.1016/j.jebo.2019.07.008 · Cited by 16
Corporate-Led Environmental Governance: A Theoretical Model
Ba, Y. (2020) · Administration & Society · doi:10.1177/0095399720918512 · Cited by 16

Authors: Lyon, T. P., & Maxwell, J. W.
Affiliations: University of Michigan (US)
Indiana University Bloomington (US)
ORCID: Lyon, Thomas P.
Maxwell, John W.
Venue: Journal of Economics & Management Strategy
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2011-02-24
Volume: 20
Issue: 1
Pages: 3-41
ISSN: 1058-6407 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-9134.2010.00282.x
OpenAlex: W3125595071
Cited by: 1,569
References: 19
Citations by year: 2026: 280 · 2025: 224 · 2024: 189 · 2023: 168 · 2022: 104 · 2021: 102 · 2020: 106 · 2019: 63 · 2018: 63 · 2017: 58 · 2016: 34 · 2015: 44 · 2014: 42 · 2013: 28 · 2012: 41
FWCI: 125.41
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1.1 (tdm, 1650 d)
Locations: Journal of Economics & Management Strategy (publishedVersion)
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
Deep Blue (University of Michigan) (submittedVersion)
eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Strategy and Management › Corporate Social Responsibility Reporting
Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Marketing › Environmental Sustainability in Business
Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Accounting › Auditing, Earnings Management, Governance
Keywords: greenwashing, corporate environmental disclosure, activist investors, corporate auditing, disclosure incentives, environmental performance, environmental management systems, strategic disclosure

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Greenwash: Corporate Environmental Disclosure under Threat of Audit

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks