Frailty in relation to variations in hormone levels of the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis in older men: results from the European male aging study
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OBJECTIVES: To explore the associations between frailty and reproductive axis hormones (as an important regulatory system) in middle aged and older men. DESIGN: Cross‐sectional. SETTING: The European Male Aging Study. PARTICIPANTS: Three thousand two hundred nineteen community‐dwelling European men aged 40 to 79. MEASUREMENTS: Interviewer‐assisted questionnaires to assess physical activity, health status, and mood were administered. Testosterone (T), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), and sex hormone–binding globulin (SHBG) were measured in a fasting morning blood sample. Frailty was assessed as an index (FI) according to the number (out of 43 possible) of health deficits (symptoms, signs, and functional impairments). Relationships between FI and hormone levels (as outcomes) were explored using regression models. RESULTS: Mean FI was 0.12 ± 0.11 (range 0–0.67) was highest in the oldest group. After adjustment for confounders, higher levels of FI were significantly associated with lower levels of total T, free T, and DHEAS and higher levels of gonadotropins and SHBG; a 1‐standard deviation cross‐sectional increase in FI was associated with a regression coefficient of −0.30 nmol/L (95% confidence interval (CI)=−0.53 to −0.07) decrease in total T and 0.66 U/L (95% CI=0.48–0.83) increase in LH. CONCLUSIONS: The associations between high FI, high gonadotropins, and well‐maintained circulating T suggest that these changes are markers of aging‐related disruptions of multiple physiological regulation, of which alterations in pituitary–testicular function represent a sensitive marker rather than an underlying pathogenic mechanism for frailty.
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Testosterone levels have been linked to frailty, but this may reflect a sensitive marker rather than a causal mechanism.
“Although an association between testosterone levels and frailty has been identified (44) this may be a sensitive marker rather than a pathological mechanism (45).”
From Frailty in elderly people (2013) · cites this paper as [45]
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Barbosa, E. L., Telles, R. W., da Fonseca, M. D. J. M., Schmidt, M. I., Barreto, S. M., Duncan, B. B., & Griep, R. H. (2025) · The Journal of Frailty & Aging · doi:10.1016/j.tjfa.2025.100115
- Authors
- Tajar, A., O'Connell, M. D. L., Mitnitski, A. B., O'Neill, T. W., Searle, S. D., Huhtaniemi, I. T., Finn, J. D., Bartfai, G., Boonen, S., Casanueva, F. F., Forti, G., Giwercman, A., Han, T. S., Kula, K., Labrie, F., Lean, M. E. J., Pendleton, N., Punab, M., Silman, A. J., Vanderschueren, D., Rockwood, K., Wu, F. C. W., & the European Male Aging Study Group
- Affiliations
- University of Manchester (GB)
- Dalhousie University (CA)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of the American Geriatrics Society
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2011-05
- Volume
- 59
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 814-821
- ISSN
- 0002-8614 (ISSN-L)
- 1532-5415
- OpenAlex
- W1703838523
- Cited by
- 63
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2025: 5 · 2024: 1 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 5.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of the American Geriatrics Society (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) (publishedVersion)
- LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam) (submittedVersion)
- Florence Research (University of Florence) (submittedVersion)
- Lund University Publications (Lund University) (submittedVersion)
- RUNA. Repositorio Institucional del Sergas (Servicio Gallego de Salud (SERGAS)) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Hormonal and reproductive studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Frailty in Older Adults
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Keywords
- frailty, hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis, older men, testosterone, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, sex hormone-binding globulin, gonadotropins, aging, male aging, functional disability
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aging, Cross-Sectional Studies, Europe, Follicle Stimulating Hormone, Health Status Indicators, Humans, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Hypothalamus, Luteinizing Hormone, Male, Motor Activity, Pituitary Gland, Prospective Studies, Surveys and Questionnaires, Regression Analysis, Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin, Testis, Testosterone, Biomarkers, Geriatric Assessment, Frail Elderly, Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate
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