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Cited by 70Attachment and Relationship DynamicsFamily Dynamics and RelationshipsChild and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development

Interparental Conflict and Adolescents’ Romantic Relationship Conflict

Open access
Simon, Valerie A., Furman, Wyndol·2010·Journal of Research on Adolescence
DOI 10.1111/j.1532-7795.2009.00635.xPMC PMC2825749
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Abstract

This study examined associations between interparental conflict and adolescents' romantic relationship conflict. High school seniors (N=183) who lived with married parents completed questionnaires about their parents' marriage and their own romantic relationships. A subset of 88 adolescents was also observed interacting with their romantic partners. Adolescents' perceptions and appraisals of interparental conflict were related to the amount of conflict in romantic relationship and adolescents' conflict styles. Adolescents' appraisals of interparental conflict (i.e., self-blame, perceived threat) moderated many of the associations between interparental conflict and conflict behavior with romantic partners. The patterns of moderated effects differed by gender. These findings suggest that the meanings boys and girls ascribe to interparental conflict are important for understanding how family experiences contribute to the development of romantic relationships.

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Registry

Crossref · 10.1111/j.1532-7795.2009.00635.x

Cites

56 of 56 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Nothing to recompute.

Claims the paper makes

1 of 78 cited sources checked · 0 supported · 0 flagged · accuracy not yet measured

  • Findingown data

    Adolescents' appraisals of interparental conflict, specifically self-blame and perceived threat, moderated many associations between interparental conflict and conflict behavior with romantic partners.

    “Adolescents’ appraisals of interparental conflict (i.e., self-blame, perceived threat) moderated many of the associations between interparental conflict and conflict behavior with romantic partners.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • Findingown data

    The patterns of moderated effects differed by gender.

    “The patterns of moderated effects differed by gender.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • Findingown data

    The patterns of associations among interparental conflict, conflict appraisals, and adolescents' romantic relationships varied by gender.

    “As expected, the patterns of associations among interparental conflict, conflict appraisals, and adolescents’ romantic relationships varied by gender.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • Findingown data

    Neither adolescent ethnicity nor family SES moderated any association between measures of interparental conflict and adolescents' romantic relationships.

    “Regression analyses indicated that neither adolescent ethnicity nor family SES moderated any of the associations between measures of interparental conflict and adolescents’ romantic relationships.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
  • Findingown data

    In predicting observed conflict behavior, the interaction between conflict appraisals and gender was significant.

    “In the regression predicting conflict behavior, the interaction between conflict appraisals and gender was significant.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim. 35
  • May combine two claims. 46
  • The quote only partly states this claim. 1

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Many adolescents use relational aggression to manage interpersonal conflicts, and some studies suggest it is more common among girls than boys.

    “For example, many adolescents use relational aggression to manage interpersonal conflicts, and some studies suggest that it is more common among girls than boys (Linder, Crick, & Collins, 2002; Zimmer-Gembeck, Geiger, & Crick, 2005).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim1 of 2 sources checked
    • cites Linder, Crick, & Collins, 2002 source

      The Discussion reports that an earlier study found higher levels of relational aggression among early-adolescent girls than boys, supporting the qualified gender comparison. The paper does not establish that many adolescents use it to manage interpersonal conflicts; its own study concerns young adults in romantic relationships and found equal reported levels among men and women. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.86)

      Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
    • cites Zimmer-Gembeck, Geiger, & Crick, 2005 source

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Adolescents' perceptions and appraisals of interparental conflict were associated with the level of conflict in their romantic relationships and with their conflict styles.

    “Adolescents’ perceptions and appraisals of interparental conflict were related to the amount of conflict in romantic relationship and adolescents’ conflict styles.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    For boys, more negative appraisals were associated with less positive affective expression (b = −.37, p = .05), whereas for girls, more negative appraisals were associated with more positive expression (b = .34, p = .03).

    “Results of post-hoc tests indicated that for boys, more negative appraisals were associated with less positive affective expression (b = −.37, p = .05), whereas for girls, more negative appraisals were associated with more positive expression (b = .34, p = .03).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Interparental conflict was associated with greater use of conflict engagement for boys high on negative conflict appraisals (b = .87, p = .006) but not for boys low on negative conflict appraisals (b = .16, p = .41).

    “As with physical aggression, interparental conflict was associated with greater use of conflict engagement when boys were high on negative conflict appraisals (b = .87, p = .006) but not when they were low on negative conflict appraisals (b = .16, p = .41).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    All scales loaded at least .50 on their primary factor except negative affect (.47), and all secondary loadings were lower.

    “All scales loaded .50 or greater on their respective primary factors except negative affect (.47); all secondary loadings were lower.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Negative appraisals were associated with greater withdrawal for boys (b = .48, p = .001) but not for girls (b = .02, p = .88).

    “Results of post-hoc tests indicated that negative appraisals were associated with greater withdrawal for boys (b = .48, p = .001) but not girls (b = .02, p = .88).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Perceived interparental conflict was positively associated with physical aggression for boys high on negative conflict appraisals (b = .58, p = .05) but not for boys low on negative conflict appraisals (b = −.03, p = .79).

    “Results from the post-hoc tests (Figure 1) indicate that perceived interparental conflict was positively associated with physical aggression for boys who were high on negative conflict appraisals (b = .58, p = .05), but not for boys who were low on negative conflict appraisals (b = −.03, p = .79).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    In predicting the amount of conflict in romantic relationships, only perceived interparental conflict was associated with greater conflict; no main or moderated effects were found for conflict appraisals or gender.

    “When predicting the amount of conflict in romantic relationships, only perceived interparental conflict was associated with greater conflict in romantic relationships. Neither main nor moderated effects were found for conflict appraisals or gender.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Neither interparental conflict nor appraisals were significant predictors of adolescents' use of positive problem solving, and these factors did not interact with each other or with gender.

    “Neither interparental conflict nor appraisals were significant predictors of adolescents’ use of positive problem solving, and these factors did not interact with each other or with gender.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Among girls, the association between interparental conflict and conflict engagement was marginally significant and negative when negative conflict appraisals were high (b = −.35, p = .07) but not significant when they were low (b = .06, p = .73); thus, for girls high on negative appraisals, perceived interparental conflict was associated with less conflict engagement.

    “Among girls, however, the association between interparental conflict and conflict engagement was marginally significant and negative when conflict appraisals were high (b = −.35, p = .07) but not significant when negative appraisals were low (b = .06, p = .73). Thus, for girls who were high on negative conflict appraisals, perceived interparental conflict was associated with less use of conflict”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    In predicting conflict withdrawal, there were no main effects, but the interaction between conflict appraisals and gender was marginally significant.

    “In the regression predicting conflict withdrawal, there were no main effects, but the interaction between conflict appraisals and gender was marginally significant (see Table 3).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    More negative conflict appraisals were associated with more conflictual observed interactions for boys (b = .49, p = .002) but not for girls (b = −.06, p = .79).

    “Results of post hoc tests indicated that more negative conflict appraisals were associated with more conflictual interactions for boys (b = .49, p = .002) but not for girls (b = −.06, p = .79).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Girls reported more interparental conflict than boys, but boys and girls did not differ in their appraisals of interparental conflict.

    “Girls reported more interparental conflict than did boys, though the two did not differ in their appraisals.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    For conflict engagement, a significant main effect of conflict appraisals was qualified by a significant three-way interaction among interparental conflict, appraisals, and gender.

    “A significant main effect for conflict appraisals was also qualified by a significant 3-way interaction among interparental conflict, appraisals, and gender when predicting conflict engagement (see Table 3).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    The compliance pattern emerged but was not specific to girls.

    “Although this pattern emerged, it was not specific to girls.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    While interparental conflict was directly associated with the amount of romantic relationship conflict, its relation to adolescents' conflict behavior with romantic partners was largely contingent on their conflict appraisals.

    “Whereas interparental conflict was directly associated with amount of romantic relationship conflict, its relation to adolescents’ conflict behavior with romantic partners was largely contingent upon adolescents’ conflict appraisals.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Among boys who made negative conflict appraisals, interparental conflict predicted greater use of conflict engagement, physical aggression, and withdrawal, and less positive affect.

    “Among boys who made negative conflict appraisals, interparental conflict predicted greater use of conflict engagement, physical aggression, and withdrawal and less positive affect.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Among girls who made negative conflict appraisals, interparental conflict was associated with less use of conflict engagement and more initiation of positive exchange.

    “In contrast, interparental conflict was associated with less use of conflict engagement and more initiation of positive exchange among girls who make negative conflict appraisals.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Interparental conflict appears to make youth more sensitive to interpersonal conflict and more vigilant to conflict cues.

    “Interparental conflict appears to sensitize youth to interpersonal conflict and foster hypervigilance to conflict cues (Davies, Myers, Cummings, & Heindel, 1999, Fosco, DeBoard, & Grych, 2007; Grych & Fincham, 1990).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 3 sources checked
    • cites Davies, Myers, Cummings, & Heindel, 1999 source
    • cites Fosco, DeBoard, & Grych, 2007 source
    • cites Grych & Fincham, 1990 source

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    This sensitivity may generalize to romantic relationships and appear as expectations of conflict and aggressive responses to minor or ambiguous conflict cues.

    “This sensitivity could generalize to romantic relationships and manifest as expectations for conflict and aggressive responding to minor or ambiguous signs of conflict (Crick & Dodge 1994).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Crick & Dodge 1994 source

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Negotiation maximizes the chance of preserving a relationship and can even strengthen it.

    “Negotiation maximizes the potential for relationship preservation and can even strengthen relationships (Hartup, 1992).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Hartup, 1992

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Forming and maintaining romantic relationships is a central developmental task of adolescence, and effective conflict skills are fundamental to that task.

    “Learning to form and sustain romantic relationships is a key developmental task of adolescence, and building effective conflict skills is fundamental to this task (Shulman, Tuval-Mashiach, Levran, & Anbar, 2006).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Shulman, Tuval-Mashiach, Levran, & Anbar, 2006 source

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Premisecitation

    What adolescents learn from observing their parents' marital interactions may inform their efforts to build more intimate and reciprocal romantic relationships.

    “Lessons learned from observing parents’ marital interactions might be informative to adolescents as they seek to build more intimate and reciprocal romantic relationships (Simon, Bouchey, & Furman, 2000).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Simon, Bouchey, & Furman, 2000

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Romantic relationships require adolescents to manage differences by balancing their own needs with those of the partner and the relationship, unlike family relationships where conflicts are often resolved through submission or escalation.

    “Unlike family relationships, where conflicts are frequently resolved through submission or escalation, romantic relationships require adolescents to manage differences by balancing their own needs with those of the partner and the relationship (Laursen, Finkelstein, & Betts, 2001).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Laursen, Finkelstein, & Betts, 2001 source

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Adolescents exposed to marital violence have more conflictual romantic relationships, use aggressive conflict styles more often, and view dating aggression as more justifiable.

    “adolescents exposed to marital violence have more conflictual romantic relationships, more often use aggressive conflict styles, and more often view dating aggression as justifiable (Kinsfogel & Grych, 2004; Linder & Collins, 2005; Reitzel-Jaffe & Wolfe, 2001).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 3 sources checked
    • cites Kinsfogel & Grych, 2004 source
    • cites Linder & Collins, 2005 source
    • cites Reitzel-Jaffe & Wolfe, 2001 source

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductown data

    The composite negative appraisals scale had a Cronbach's alpha of .85 in the current sample.

    “so they were averaged to create a single scale for negative appraisals of interparental conflict (Cronbach’s alpha = .85).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Several studies support a mediation model in which appraisals explain how interparental conflict leads to maladaptive outcomes.

    “Although several studies support a mediation model (Gerard et al., 2005; Grych, Fincham, Jouriles, & McDonald, 2000; Grych et al., 2003)”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 3 sources checked
    • cites Gerard et al., 2005 source
    • cites Grych, Fincham, Jouriles, & McDonald, 2000 source
    • cites Grych et al., 2003 source

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). The quote only partly states this claim.

    Study design and conductown data

    The physical aggression scale had a Cronbach's alpha of .88 in the current sample.

    “Cronbach’s alpha for the physical aggression scale in the current sample was 88.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductcitation

    The CPIC Threat and Self-Blame scales are valid and reliable measures of youths' subjective evaluations of conflict.

    “The two scales are valid and reliable measures of youths’ subjective evaluations of conflict (Bickham & Fiese, 1997; Grych et al., 1992).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites Bickham & Fiese, 1997 source
    • cites Grych et al., 1992 source

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Boys' socialization generally emphasizes agency, assertion, and individual well-being, while girls' socialization typically stresses interpersonal connectedness.

    “Whereas boys’ socialization generally emphasizes agency, assertion, and individual well-being, girls’ socialization typically stresses interpersonal connectedness (see Ruble & Martin, 1998).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Ruble & Martin, 1998

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Conflict-minimizing strategies may reduce conflict but are likely ineffective for resolving inevitable disagreements and may undermine intimacy development.

    “Although effective for reducing conflict, such strategies are likely to be ineffective for resolving inevitable disagreements and could undermine the development of intimacy (Gottman & Krokoff, 1989; Simon, Kobielski, & Martin, 2008).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites Gottman & Krokoff, 1989 source
    • cites Simon, Kobielski, & Martin, 2008 source

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductown data

    Parallel analyses using Self-Blame and Perceived Threat scales instead of the combined negative appraisals index produced nearly identical results, so findings for the combined appraisal index are presented.

    “Parallel analyses were run using the Self-Blame and Perceived Threat scales in place of the combined negative appraisals scores. The results for the separate analyses were nearly identical, and thus, the findings for the combined appraisal index are presented.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Premisecitation

    According to the cognitive-contextual framework, youth subjectively appraise what interparental conflict means for their personal well-being.

    “According to the cognitive-contextual framework, youth subjectively appraise the meaning of interparental conflict for their personal well-being (Grych & Fincham, 1990).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Grych & Fincham, 1990 source

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductcitation

    Each CRSI conflict resolution style has been identified through behavioral observations and linked to relationship quality.

    “Each style has been identified through behavioral observations and linked to relationship quality (Gottman, 1994).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Gottman, 1994

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductcitation

    The CPIC Conflict Properties scale is significantly correlated with parental reports of interparental conflict and is reliable in adolescent samples.

    “The scale is significantly correlated with parental reports of interparental conflict and reliable in adolescent samples (Bickham & Fiese, 1997; Grych, Raynor, & Fosco, 2004).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites Bickham & Fiese, 1997 source
    • cites Grych, Raynor, & Fosco, 2004 source

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductown data

    In the current sample, the CPIC Conflict Properties scale had a Cronbach's alpha of .91.

    “Cronbach’s alpha for the current sample was .91.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Premisecitation

    Distorted social information processing during interactions with romantic partners may increase the potential for conflict and ineffective conflict management.

    “Distorted social information processing during interactions with romantic partners could then increase the potential for conflict and ineffectual conflict management (Crick & Dodge, 1994).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Crick & Dodge, 1994 source

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Gender roles become more differentiated during adolescence and may contribute to different reactivity to interparental conflict.

    “Gender roles become increasingly differentiated during adolescence and could contribute to differential reactivity to interparental conflict (Davies & Lindsay, 2004).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Davies & Lindsay, 2004 source

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisereasoning

    Boys' concern with agency and autonomy may lead them to focus on their own needs during conflict with romantic partners.

    “Boys’ concern with agency and autonomy could lead them to focus on their own needs during conflict with romantic partners”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Other studies indicate that appraisals moderate associations between interparental conflict and youth outcomes.

    “others indicate that appraisals moderate associations between interparental conflict and youth outcomes (El-Sheikh & Hager, 2001; El-Sheikh, Harger, & Whitson, 2001; Kerig, 1998; Rogers & Holmbeck, 1997; Rossman & Rosenberg, 1992).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 3 sources checked
    • cites El-Sheikh & Hager, 2001

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • cites El-Sheikh, Harger, & Whitson, 2001 source
    • cites Kerig, 1998 source

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Premisecitation

    Girls who make negative appraisals of interparental conflict may be more likely to view compliance as an acceptable way to achieve their goals.

    “Girls who make negative conflict appraisals of interparental conflict could be more likely to view compliance as an acceptable way of achieving these goals (Dadds et al., 1999).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Dadds et al., 1999 source

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    For girls, concerns about interpersonal connectedness may heighten sensitivity to the negative outcomes of conflict and lead them to focus on partners' needs or the relationship itself.

    “For girls, concerns for interpersonal connectedness could heighten sensitivity to the negative outcomes of conflict and lead them to focus on partners’ needs or the relationship itself (Davies & Lindsay, 2004).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Davies & Lindsay, 2004 source

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    If negative conflict appraisals generalize, they may sensitize adolescents to real or ambiguous conflict cues with romantic partners and bias their appraisals of situations or partners negatively.

    “To the extent that negative conflict appraisals are generalized, they could sensitize adolescents to actual or ambiguous conflict cues with romantic partners and negatively bias their appraisals of situations or partners (Fosco, et al., 2007).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Fosco, et al., 2007 source

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductown data

    In the current sample, CRSI Cronbach's alpha ranged from .70 for compliance to .88 for conflict engagement, with a mean alpha of .83.

    “In the current sample, Cronbach’s alpha ranged from .70 for compliance to .88 for conflict engagement (M alpha =. 83).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Davies and Lindsay argued that differences in gender socialization may cause boys and girls to react differently to interparental conflict.

    “Davies and Lindsay (2004) have argued that differences in gender socialization could lead boys and girls to react differently to interparental conflict.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Davies and Lindsay (2004) source

  • May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductown data

    Interrater reliabilities for the IDCS coding all exceeded .78, with a mean ICC of .85.

    “Interrater reliabilities all exceeded .78 (mean ICC =.85).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Withdrawal may be an attractive way for boys to maintain personal well-being and regulate angry arousal or aggressive impulses.

    “Alternatively, withdrawal may be an attractive means for boys to maintain their personal well-being and regulate angry arousal or aggressive impulses (Kurdek, 1995; Markman, Silvern, Clements, & Kraft-Hanak, 1993).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites Kurdek, 1995 source
    • cites Markman, Silvern, Clements, & Kraft-Hanak, 1993 source

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductown data

    The NRI Negative Interactions factor score had a Cronbach's alpha of .87 in the current sample.

    “Mean scores from the two scales were averaged to create the factor score, which ranged from 1 to 5 with higher scores reflecting more negative interactions (Cronbach’s alpha = .87).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisereasoning

    Interparental conflict may sensitize adolescents in ways that raise both the likelihood of romantic relationship conflict and their use of various destructive conflict styles.

    “These findings suggest that interparental conflict could sensitize adolescents in ways that increase both the potential for romantic relationship conflict and adolescents’ use of various destructive conflict styles.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Coping responses mediated stress-adjustment links through early adolescence and later became more stable responses that moderated stress-related outcomes.

    “Coping responses mediated links between stress and adjustment through early adolescence, and later became more stable responses that moderated stress-related outcomes.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Wadsworth, Raviv, Compas, & Conner-Smith, 2005 source

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Interpretationreasoning

    It is possible that more findings emerged for boys than girls in the current study because the conflict dimensions assessed were more salient for boys than girls.

    “Hence, it is possible that a greater number of findings emerged for boys than girls in the current study because the conflict dimensions assessed were more salient for boys than girls.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Interpretationnone given

    The current study extends prior research by examining adolescents' perceptions and appraisals of interparental conflict as independent and interactive predictors of self-reported and observer-rated conflict in adolescents' romantic relationships.

    “The current study extends prior research by examining adolescents’ perceptions and appraisals of interparental conflict as independent and interactive predictors of self-reported and observer-rated conflict in adolescents’ romantic relationships.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductreasoning

    Mono-method informant bias may also limit interpretation of the moderated effects.

    “Similar concerns regarding mono-method informant bias may also limit e interpretation of the moderated effects.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductnone given

    The list of conflict tactics assessed was not exhaustive, and other conflict behaviors merit attention.

    “Although we assessed numerous conflict tactics, our list was not exhaustive, and other conflict behaviors merit attention.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationcitation

    Although compliance could circumvent some conflict, it may result in less intimate and satisfying relationships.

    “Although this style could serve to circumvent some conflict, it may result in less intimate and satisfying relationships (Simon et al., 2008).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Simon et al., 2008 source

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductown data

    The study included intact families, most of whom were biological parents.

    “In addition, we studied intact families, most of whom were biological parents.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductnone given

    Recruitment through advertisements and home mailings could have biased sample selection in ways that limit the external validity of the findings.

    “Lastly, the recruitment of participants through advertisements and home mailings could have biased sample selection in ways that could limit the external validity of the findings.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Compliance as a conflict style requires individuals to subordinate personal needs and has been associated with a lack of authenticity in romantic relationships.

    “As a conflict style, compliance requires individuals to subordinate personal needs and has been associated with a lack of authenticity in romantic relationships (Neff & Harter, 2002).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Neff & Harter, 2002 source

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

    Interpretationreasoning

    Adolescents' negative appraisals of interparental conflict could generalize to romantic relationships, fostering heightened attention to conflict cues, negatively biased assessments of situations or partners, and ineffectual conflict tactics.

    “As suggested earlier, adolescents’ negative appraisals of interparental conflict could generalize to romantic relationships, fostering heightened attention to conflict cues, negatively biased assessments of situations or partners, and ineffectual conflict tactics.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductnone given

    Using adolescent report to assess both interparental and romantic relationship conflict could have inflated associations among the constructs.

    “Another potential limitation of the current study concerns the use of adolescent report to assess both interparental and romantic relationship conflict, which could have inflated associations among the constructs.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Interpretationcitation

    To the extent that romantic relationships facilitate identity development, persistent self-subjugation could have important implications for adolescents' well-being and the quality of their romantic relationships.

    “To the extent that romantic relationships facilitate identity development, persistent self-subjugation could have important implications for adolescents’ well-being as well the quality of their romantic relationships (Furman & Shaffer, 2003).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Furman & Shaffer, 2003

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductown data

    The data are correlational, so the effects could be in the other direction, bi-directional, or reflect a third unmeasured variable.

    “Intuitively, this seems most plausible but the data are correlational, and the effects could be in the other direction, bi-directional, or reflect a third unmeasured variable.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductown data

    The large number of correlational analyses increases the possibility of Type I errors, but the pattern of significant results was consistent and readily interpretable.

    “The sheer number of correlational analyses increases the possibility of Type I errors; but the pattern of significant results was consistent and readily interpretable.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Appraisals of interparental conflict could generalize to other relational contexts, consistent with research suggesting appraisals become stable dispositions by late adolescence.

    “The idea that appraisals of interparental conflict could generalize to other relational contexts is consistent with research suggesting that appraisals become stable dispositions by late adolescence (Kerig, 2001; Wadsworth et al., 2004).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites Kerig, 2001

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • cites Wadsworth et al., 2004 source

  • May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductown data

    The correspondence of results across self-reported and observed romantic behavior lends credibility to the validity of adolescents' self-reports about conflict in romantic relationships and suggests the significant results were not spurious.

    “However, the correspondence of results across self-reported and observed romantic behavior lends credibility to the validity of adolescents’ self-reports about conflict in romantic relationships and suggests that the significant results were not spurious.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
65 of 65

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    No prior study has examined whether conflict appraisals act as moderators or mediators during late adolescence.

    “To our knowledge, no one has assessed whether conflict appraisals serve as moderators or mediators in late adolescence.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The present study is one of the earliest to test links between adolescents' perceptions and appraisals of interparental conflict and their romantic conflict styles using both observational and self-report measures.

    “The current study is among the first to examine how adolescents’ perceptions and appraisals of interparental conflict are associated with conflict styles in romantic relationships using observational and self-report measures.”
2 of 2

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.

  • Discussion attributes boys' withdrawal to the wrong predictor

    Major

    The discussion says interparental conflict predicted withdrawal among boys with negative appraisals. The results instead report a marginal appraisal-by-gender interaction and identify negative appraisals, not interparental conflict, as the predictor of boys' withdrawal.

1 of 1

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 4

  1. Furman, 2003, Adolescent romantic relations and sexual behavior: Theory, research, and practical implications, 3
  2. Parke, 2001, Interparental conflict and child development: Theory, research, and applications, 64
  3. Ruble, 1998, Gender development
  4. Simon, 2000, Attachment and development: Volume 2. Adolescence, 301

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Related

Authors
Simon, V. A., & Furman, W.
Affiliations
  • Wayne State University (US)
  • University of Denver (US)
Corresponding author
Simon, Valerie A.
ORCID
Simon, Valerie A.
Venue
Journal of Research on Adolescence
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2010-03
Volume
20
Issue
1
Pages
188-209
ISSN
  • 1050-8392 (ISSN-L)
  • 1532-7795
DOI
10.1111/j.1532-7795.2009.00635.x
PMC
PMC2825749
OpenAlex
W2036939428
Cited by
70
References
56
Citations by year
2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 7
FWCI
5.24
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1.1 (tdm, 2010 d)
Locations
  • Journal of Research on Adolescence (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • Francis Crick Institute
  • National Institutes of Health
  • National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
  • Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD049080)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
  • Social Sciences › Demography › Family Dynamics and Relationships
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
Keywords
parental conflict, adolescent romantic relationships, relationship conflict, conflict styles, self-blame, threat perception, gender differences, high school seniors, married parents

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Claims read under definition version 3 (extract-v3) on 2026-09-28.

Classified by jev-1.13-20260917 (gold-guideline-v0.2) on 2026-09-28.

Cited sources are checked by gpt-6-sol.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

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