Cited by 424Social and Intergroup PsychologyRacial and Ethnic Identity ResearchDeath Anxiety and Social Exclusion

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Understanding and Addressing Contemporary Racism: From Aversive Racism to the Common Ingroup Identity Model

Gaertner, Samuel L., Dovidio, John F.·2005·Journal of Social Issues

DOI 10.1111/j.1540-4560.2005.00424.x

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Abstract

This article describes our collaborative research on aversive racism and a strategy we developed to combat it, the Common Ingroup Identity Model. In addition, we reveal some details about our personal and professional relationship in pursuit of our scientific agenda. We begin by discussing evidence for the existence of aversive racism, a subtle, unintentional form bias that can have pernicious effects. Then we review research concerning how a common ingroup identity can combat aversive racism by redirecting the forces of social categorization and social identity, such that “Us” and “Them” are regarded as “We.” We conclude with a brief discussion of where we may look next for clues toward helping to achieve a fairer, more just society.

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Guess who’s coming to dinner: an experimental investigation on primary and secondary school pupils’ social attitudes
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Same same but different. How the play of difference intersects female refugee support workers’ constructions of a common identity
Schmid, S. (2019) · Social Identities · doi:10.1080/13504630.2019.1671185 · Cited by 2
“Sub-sequently, Gaertner and Dovidio (2005) introduced the ‘ Common Ingroup Identity Model ’ to study new forms of prejudice they termed ‘ aversive racism ’ .”
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Toward a non-anthropocentric view on the environment and animal welfare: Possible psychological interventions
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“Encouraging superordinate identities encompassing humanity improves perceptions of human groups that are highly discriminated-against (e.g., decreases racism; Gaertner & Dovidio, 2005).”
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Race-evasive ideology in U.S.-based science communication fellowship director discourse
Bennett, N., Dudo, A. D., Besley, J. C., & Irizarry, Y. (2024) · Journal of Science Communication · doi:10.22323/2.23010206 · Cited by 1
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Englert‐Copeland, J. (2019) · Cited by 2
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Gamblin, B. W., & Kehn, A. (2020) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-020-01147-8 · Cited by 2
“Other research suggests that White juror bias only leads to negative outcomes in certain instances, such as when inadmissible evidence is present (Hodson, Hooper, Dovidio, & Gaertner, 2005) or when jury instructions are absent (T. L. Mitchell et al., 2005).”
Background
The Social Science of the Death Penalty: Before, during, and after Trial
West, M. P., & Miller, M. K. (2020) · Advances in psychology and law · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-54678-6_7 · Cited by 2
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Situated Identity Performance: Understanding Stereotype Threat as a Social Identity Phenomenon
Quayle, M. (2011) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e513282012-001 · Cited by 2
“…intractable debates in social psychology about the nature of prejudice, how to measure it, and the resistance of prejudice to change (cf. Allport, 1954; Arkes & Tetlock, 2004; Banaji, Nosek, & Greenwald, 2004; Blumer, 1958; Devine, 1989; Fiedler, Messner, & Bluemke, 2006; Gaertner & Dovidio, 2005).”
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Learning on two campuses: students' transition experiences in a China- UK Articulation programme
Hou, J. (2011) · Northumbria Research Link (Northumbria University) · Cited by 2
Race salience in defense attorney opening and closing statements: The effects of ambiguity and juror attitudes
Bucolo, D. (2007) · University of New Hampshire Scholars Repository (University of New Hampshire at Manchester) · Cited by 2
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PIKULINA, E. S., & Ferreira, D. (2021) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3966838 · Cited by 2
Disproportionality of African American students in special education
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“…both in the laboratory and in natural settings, how nonconscious racism can be 124 reduced; it also provides ways to bridge the gap between the ingroup, or the group to which an individual belongs, and the outgroup, the group to which the individual does not belong (Gaertner & Dovidio, 2005).”
Background
Racial microaggressions in U.S. and Canadian contexts: Identity, perceptions of severity and the use of mindset signalling to repair harm
Jenkins, M. A., & Obhi, S. S. (2024) · Journal of Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/jasp.13029 · Cited by 1
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“Research has indeed shown that being confronted with your possible contribution to discrimination is connected to negative feelings like anxiety (see, e.g., Murphy and Walton 2013, p. 188; Gaertner and Dovidio 2005, p. 619).”
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“One important aspect here concerns the forging of a broader national identity that can transcend more parochial ties (Gaertner and Dovidio 2005; Transue 2007).”
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Amitay, G., Asraf, K., Elisha, E., Farber, S., Peleg‐Koriat, I., & Antar, A. Y. (2025) · Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management · doi:10.1080/1360080x.2025.2535028 · Cited by 1
“…carries substantial social implications and is key to social and legal biases such as prejudice (Brewer, 1999; Saarinen et al., 2021), stereotyping (e.g., Duclos et al., 2015; Leippe et al., 2022; Smith & Williams, 2015), and discrimination (e.g., Gaertner & Dovidio, 2005; Schiller et al., 2014).”
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Authors: Gaertner, S. L., & Dovidio, J. F.
Affiliations: University of Delaware (US)
University of Connecticut (US)
Corresponding author: Gaertner, Samuel L.
ORCID: Dovidio, John F.
Venue: Journal of Social Issues
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2005-08-11
Volume: 61
Issue: 3
Pages: 615-639
ISSN: 0022-4537 (ISSN-L)
1540-4560
DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-4560.2005.00424.x
OpenAlex: W2171244177
Semantic Scholar: fcc70ecd4a693fb2f6f990f6a3c8327ada0dcc9b
Cited by: 424
References: 60
Citations by year: 2026: 5 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 36 · 2021: 34 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 35 · 2018: 30 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 25 · 2014: 25 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 22
FWCI: 34.01
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations: Journal of Social Issues (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Racial and Ethnic Identity Research
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Death Anxiety and Social Exclusion
Keywords: aversive racism, common ingroup identity model, social categorization, social identity, ingroup identity, prejudice reduction, social justice

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Understanding and Addressing Contemporary Racism: From Aversive Racism to the Common Ingroup Identity Model

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