Long‐Term Results of Nervous Tissue Alterations Caused by Epineurial Electrode Application: An Experimental Study in Rat Sciatic Nerve
Abstract
In order to evaluate the long‐term effects of epineurial electrode application for functional electrical stimulation (FES) the left sciatic nerve of seven rats was exposed. Four ring‐shaped stainless steel wire electrodes were sutured to the epineurium of each nerve in the same manner as performed clinically for carrousel stimulation in man. The nerves were reexposed 1 year after implantation and the stimulation threshold to obtain a tetanic contraction in the lower limb was determined for each electrode. Afterwards the animals were sacrificed. The electrodes were excised and cross sections of the sciatic nerve directly at the site of the electrodes, 2‐mm proximal and 2‐mm distal to them were harvested for hisfologic and planimetric assessment of nerve lesions. The area of damaged neural tissue was expressed as a percentage of the total cross‐sectional area within the perineural sheath. The sciatic nerves of the right side served as controls. The values for the stimulation thresholds ranged between 0.1 and 1.0 mA (mean 0.43 mA). By morphometric examination five of seven nerves were seen altered, the altered areas captured between 1% and 4.8% of the total cross‐sectional area of the nerves within the perineural sheath. Besides two specimens, all altered nerve segments exhibited distinct signs of nerve fiber regeneration. The clinical implications of the results for long‐term electrical stimulation, such as phrenic pacing, are discussed.
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Extraneural interfaces leave the nerve intact but usually target several bundles of axons or fascicles within it, hence offer lower selectivity.
“Extraneural interfaces leave the nerve intact but usually target several bundles of axons or fascicles within it, hence offer lower selectivity.”
From Realizing flexible bioelectronic medicines for accessing the peripheral nerves – technology considerations (2018) · cites this paper as Koller et al. 1992
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- Authors
- KOLLER, R., GIRSCH, W., LIEGL, C., CRUDER, H., HOLLE, J., LOSERT, U., MAYR, W., & THOMA, H.
- Affiliations
- University of Vienna (AT)
- Wilhelminen Hospital (AT)
- Corresponding author
- KOLLER, RUPERT
- Venue
- Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1992-01
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 108-115
- ISSN
- 0147-8389 (ISSN-L)
- 1540-8159
- OpenAlex
- W2087006368
- Cited by
- 17
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2019: 1 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 2
- FWCI
- 0.27
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neural Engineering
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Vagus Nerve Stimulation Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac pacing and defibrillation studies
- Keywords
- functional electrical stimulation, sciatic nerve, nerve injury, perineural sheath, nerve regeneration, stimulation threshold
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Electrodes, Implanted, Electric Stimulation Therapy, Female, Nerve Degeneration, Nerve Regeneration, Rats, Inbred Strains, Sciatic Nerve, Stainless Steel, Suture Techniques, Time Factors, Rats
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