Adolescent Aggression: Models of Resiliency1
Abstract
Resiliency is the ability to survive and thrive despite exposure to negative circumstances. This study compared 4 models of resiliency (compensatory, risk‐protective, protective‐protective, and challenge) in the context of adolescent aggression. Each model proposes a different relationship between risk and protective factors. The risk factor was exposure to violence. Protective factors were closeness to an adult, importance of religion, selfesteem, relationship competence, constructive communication, and constructive anger. Data for testing the models came from a survey of 1,747 8th and 9th graders in a rural county. Results suggest that the most appropriate model of resiliency varies by gender of the adolescent. The protective‐protective and challenge models were supported for females. None of the models were supported for males. Gender differences in socialization and development may explain study findings.
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The risk-protective model of resiliency holds that the strength of the relationship between risk factors and outcomes depends on protective factors that weaken the adverse effects of risks on outcomes.
“the risk-protective model of resiliency, in which the strength of the relationship between risk factors (e.g., high relative deprivation) and outcomes (e.g., social anxiety) depends on the presence of protective factors (e.g., trait mindfulness), which weaken the adverse effects of risks on outcomes (Zimmerman et al., 1999; Hollister-Wagner et al., 2001).”
From How relative deprivation affects the sleep quality of Chinese college students: testing an integrated model of social anxiety and trait mindfulness (2023) · cites this paper as Hollister-Wagner et al., 2001
The results are consistent with the risk-protective model of resiliency.
“our results are consistent with the risk-protective model of resiliency”
From How relative deprivation affects the sleep quality of Chinese college students: testing an integrated model of social anxiety and trait mindfulness (2023) · cites this paper as Hollister-Wagner et al., 2001
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“, trait mindfulness), which weaken the adverse effects of risks on outcomes (Zimmerman et al., 1999; Hollister-Wagner et al., 2001).”
BackgroundLiu, G.-Z., Pan, Y.-G., Li, B.-B., Hou, X.-L., & Zhang, D. (2019) · Psychology Research and Behavior Management · doi:10.2147/prbm.s202127 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
- Authors
- Hollister‐Wagner, G. H., Foshee, V. A., & Jackson, C.
- Affiliations
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hollister‐Wagner, Gambrill H.
- Venue
- Journal of Applied Social Psychology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2001-03
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 445-466
- ISSN
- 0021-9029 (ISSN-L)
- 1559-1816
- OpenAlex
- W2023418675
- Cited by
- 146
- References
- 75
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 3.10
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Applied Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Resilience and Mental Health
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Crime Patterns and Interventions
- Keywords
- adolescent aggression, resilience, compensatory model, challenge model, violence exposure, protective factors, risk factors, gender differences, self-esteem, relationship competence, constructive communication, rural adolescents
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