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Validation of the Chinese-Cantonese Version of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and Comparison with the Hamilton Rating Scale of Depression

Leung, C. M., Wing, Y. K., Kwong, P. K., Shum, A. Lo.K.·1999·Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica

DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1999.tb10897.x

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Abstract

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to validate the Chinese-Cantonese version of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and to compare it with the Hamilton Rating Scale of Depression (HRSD) as a screening tool for depressive disorders in general hospital in-patients. METHOD: The Chinese-Cantonese version of the HADS was administered to general hospital in-patients seen on a consultation basis, and psychiatric diagnoses were made according to DSM-III-R. The subjects were further rated independently with the HRSD. RESULTS: The Chinese-Cantonese version of the HADS was found to have good internal consistency and external validity, with favourable sensitivity and specificity for screening for psychiatric disorders. However, its performance was marginally inferior to that of the HRSD. The scale also performed poorly in identifying major depression. CONCLUSION: The HADS has limitations with regard to identification of depressive disorders. However, despite its shortcomings, it remains one of the best paper-and-pencil tests for screening psychiatric disorders in the medically ill.

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Authors: Leung, C. M., Wing, Y. K., Kwong, P. K., & Shum, A. L. K.
Affiliations: Chinese University of Hong Kong (HK)
Corresponding author: Leung, C. M.
ORCID: Leung, C. M.
Wing, Y. K.
Venue: Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 1999-12
Volume: 100
Issue: 6
Pages: 456-461
ISSN: 0001-690X (ISSN-L)
1600-0447
DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1999.tb10897.x
OpenAlex: W2171811416
Cited by: 407
References: 22
Citations by year: 2026: 16 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 29 · 2023: 30 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 32 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 21 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 20
FWCI: 0.57
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor, 2904 d)
Locations: Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
Keywords: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, scale validation, depression screening, anxiety screening, psychiatric inpatients, medical patients, psychometric properties
MeSH terms: Adult, China, Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Language, Male, Mass Screening, Middle Aged, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Sensitivity and Specificity, Reproducibility of Results

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Validation of the Chinese-Cantonese Version of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and Comparison with the Hamilton Rating Scale of Depression

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