Functional disability and depression in the general population. Results from the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study (NEMESIS)
Open accessAbstract
Objective: Data on the temporal relationships between duration of depression and recovery and functional disability are sparse. These relationships were examined in subjects from the general population (n = 250) with newly originated episodes of DSM‐III‐R major depression. Method: The Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study is a prospective epidemiological survey in the adult population (n = 7076), using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). Duration of depression and duration of recovery over 2 years were assessed with a life chart interview. Functional disabilities were assessed with the MOS‐SF‐36 and with absence days from work. Results: Functional disabilities and absence days in depressed individuals were not found to be associated with duration of depression. Functioning in daily activities improved with longer duration of recovery but social functioning not. Conclusion: Functioning deteriorates by actual depressive symptomatology and comorbid anxiety but not by longer duration of depression. After symptomatic recovery, functioning improves to premorbid level, irrespective of the length of the depression. Improvements in daily activities and work can be expected with longer duration of recovery.
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The DSM-IV diagnosis of MDD was associated with impairment, psychiatric and substance use disorders, poor health, mortality, disease and economic burden, and disability-years.
“The DSM-IV diagnosis of MDD was associated with impairment, 3,4 psychiatric and substance use disorders (SUDs), [5][6][7][8][9] poor health, 10,11 mortality, 12 disease and economic burden, 12 and disability-years.[13][14][15][16]”
From Epidemiology of Adult <i>DSM-5</i> Major Depressive Disorder and Its Specifiers in the United States (2018) · cites this paper as [3]
The Discussion reports worse functioning during depression and improvement after recovery, supporting the impairment portion of the sentence. However, the Diagnostic instrument section specifies DSM-III-R diagnoses, not the DSM-IV diagnosis named in the claim. The other outcomes are attached to different citations in the citing sentence and are not assessed here. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredMajor depression is a frequently occurring, severely disabling, and often recurring mental disorder.
“Major depression is a commonly occurring, seriously impairing, and often recurrent mental disorder.1, 2”
From The Costs of Depression (2012) · cites this paper as [1]
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- Authors
- Spijker, J., de Graaf, R., Bijl, R. V., Beekman, A. T. F., Ormel, J., & Nolen, W. A.
- Affiliations
- Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek- en Documentatiecentrum (NL)
- University of Amsterdam (NL)
- University of Groningen (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Spijker, J.
- Venue
- Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2004-07-29
- Volume
- 110
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 208-214
- ISSN
- 0001-690X (ISSN-L)
- 1600-0447
- OpenAlex
- W2153503260
- Cited by
- 158
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 7.87
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository (publishedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (submittedVersion)
- University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek
- Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- functional disability, depression, depression duration, recovery from depression, major depressive disorder, absenteeism, social functioning, daily activities, anxiety comorbidity, general population, Nemesis
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Anxiety, Major Depressive Disorder, Disability Evaluation, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Netherlands, Population Surveillance, Prospective Studies, Surveys and Questionnaires, Cohort Studies, Incidence, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
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