Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and its association with depression in Korean General Population
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Recent studies have indicated the significant association between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and depression. However, there is ongoing debate on whether the risk for depression is actually related with the presence and severity of NAFLD. Thus, this study was conducted to investigate the association between depression and NAFLD evaluated by diverse modalities. METHODS: A total of 112,797 participants from the Korean general population were enrolled. The study participants were categorized into three groups according to degree of NAFLD evaluated by ultrasonography, fatty liver index (FLI) and fibrosis-4 score (FIB-4). Depression was defined as a score of Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression (CES-D) ≥ 16, and the odd ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for depression (adjusted ORs [95% CI]) were assessed by multiple logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: In the unadjusted model, the presence and severity of NAFLD was not significantly associated with depressive symptoms. However, in the fully adjusted model, ORs for depression increased in proportion to the degree of ultrasonographically detected NAFLD (mild fatty liver: 1.14 [1.06-1.22]; and moderate to severe fatty liver: 1.32 [1.17-1.48]). An association was also observed between depression and FLI (30 ≤ FLI < 60: 1.06 [0.98-1.15]; FLI ≥ 60: 1.15 [1.02-1.29]). CONCLUSION: The presence and severity of NAFLD is significantly associated with depressive symptoms. In addition, this association was more distinct after adjusting for covariates including age, gender and insulin resistance. This finding indicates the necessity of further study evaluating the incidental relationship of depression with NAFLD.
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In a large population-based study of 112,797 Korean men and women, the severity of NAFLD was significantly associated with self-reported depression, even after covariate adjustment.
“This finding was also observed in a large, population-based study of 112,797 Korean men and women, whereby the severity of NAFLD was significantly associated with selfreported DEP, even after covariate adjustment.[11]”
From Prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms by liver disease etiology (2023) · cites this paper as [11]
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- Authors
- Jung, J. Y., Park, S. K., Oh, C.-M., Chung, P.-W., & Ryoo, J.-H.
- Affiliations
- Kangbuk Samsung Hospital (KR)
- Kyung Hee University (KR)
- Corresponding author
- Ryoo, Jae-Hong
- Venue
- Journal of Korean Medical Science
- Publisher
- XMLink
- Published
- 2019
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 30
- Pages
- e199-e199
- ISSN
- 1011-8934 (ISSN-L)
- 1598-6357
- PMC
- PMC6676003
- OpenAlex
- W2966844943
- Cited by
- 51
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 5
- FWCI
- 5.52
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Korean Medical Science (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Samsung
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Alcohol Consumption and Health Effects
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hepatology › Liver Diseases and Immunity
- Keywords
- non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, depression, depressive symptoms, fatty liver index, FIB-4, ultrasonography, insulin resistance
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Severity of Illness Index, Ultrasonography, Logistic Models, Odds Ratio, Republic of Korea, Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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