Toll-like receptor signaling in the lysosomal pathways
Abstract
The lysosomal pathway digests material received by two main routes, phagocytosis and autophagy. Cells use phagocytosis to ingest extracellular particles by invaginations of the plasma membrane. In autophagy, a double membrane structure isolates portions of the cytoplasm to target it for degradation. During infection, phagocytes use both of these cellular functions to restrict microbial replication and at the same time to orchestrate an appropriate response against the invader. Toll-like receptor recognition of a pathogen initiates an innate immune response against the pathogen that includes production of inflammatory cytokines, upregulation of costimulatory molecules to prime an adaptive immune response, and activation of phagocytosis and autophagy. Signaling through this family of receptors also produces a hybrid response in which proteins that participate in autophagy are recruited to phagosomes, resulting in expedited microbial elimination. In this review, we discuss recent views on how Toll-like receptors direct microbes to final destruction by regulating the different pathways that lead to the lysosome.
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POS phagocytosis promotes a non-canonical form of autophagy (LAP) that is dependent on LC3 and Atg5 but is not classical autophagy which requires Ulk1, Fip200, and Atg13.
“This supports the idea that POS phagocytosis promotes a non-canonical form of autophagy (i.e. LAP) that is dependent on LC3 and Atg5 but is not classical autophagy which requires Ulk1, Fip200, and Atg13 (Martinez et al., 2011; Sanjuan et al., 2007; Sanjuan et al., 2009).”
From Noncanonical autophagy promotes the visual cycle (2013) · cites this paper as Sanjuan et al., 2009
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Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (3rd edition).
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Noncanonical autophagy promotes the visual cycle
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Self-citationMicroRNA-155 Promotes Autophagy to Eliminate Intracellular Mycobacteria by Targeting Rheb
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Rubicon: <scp>LC</scp>3‐associated phagocytosis and beyond
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Autophagy proteins regulate cell engulfment mechanisms that participate in cancer
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- Authors
- Sanjuan, M. A., Milasta, S., & Green, D. R.
- Affiliations
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital (US)
- Corresponding author
- Green, Douglas R.
- ORCID
- Green, Douglas R.
- Venue
- Immunological Reviews
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2008-12-19
- Volume
- 227
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 203-220
- ISSN
- 0105-2896 (ISSN-L)
- 1600-065X
- OpenAlex
- W2074680075
- Cited by
- 137
- References
- 129
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 0.51
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Immunological Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Autophagy in Disease and Therapy
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Phagocytosis and Immune Regulation
- Keywords
- Toll-like receptors, lysosomal degradation, phagocytosis, autophagy, phagosome, innate immunity, microbial clearance, inflammatory cytokines, costimulatory molecules, adaptive immune response, receptor signaling
- MeSH terms
- Autophagy-Related Protein 12, Animals, Autophagy, Homeostasis, Humans, Infections, Lysosomes, Membrane Fusion, Microtubule-Associated Proteins, Phagosomes, Protein Kinases, Signal Transduction, Antigen Presentation, Protein Transport, Small Ubiquitin-Related Modifier Proteins, Toll-Like Receptors, TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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