Contribution of Toll-like receptor signaling to germinal center antibody responses
Open accessAbstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have emerged as one of the most important families of innate immune receptors for initiating inflammation and also for promoting adaptive immune responses. Recent studies have examined the ability of TLRs to promote antibody responses, including T-cell-dependent antibody responses. Initial study suggested that TLR stimulation promotes primarily an extrafollicular antibody response, which rapidly produces moderate affinity antibodies made by short-lived plasma cells. Recent studies, however, have shown that TLRs can also enhance the germinal center response, which produces high affinity class-switched antibody made by long-lived plasma cells. TLR stimulation can increase the magnitude of the latter response and also enhance selection for high affinity IgG. This review summarizes recent advances in understanding the roles of TLRs in B cells and also in other cell types for enhancement of antibody responses, with an emphasis on T-cell-dependent and germinal center antibody responses.
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Stimulation of TLRs by agonists seems to be a promising strategy to enhance vaccine efficacy.
“Stimulation of TLRs by agonists seems to be a promising strategy to enhance vaccine efficacy, because TLR triggering can induce the production of cytokines by APCs, and can promote germinal center antibody production (217, 218).”
From Immunosenescence and Its Hallmarks: How to Oppose Aging Strategically? A Review of Potential Options for Therapeutic Intervention (2019) · cites this paper as [218]
TLR triggering can promote germinal center antibody production.
“Stimulation of TLRs by agonists seems to be a promising strategy to enhance vaccine efficacy, because TLR triggering can induce the production of cytokines by APCs, and can promote germinal center antibody production (217, 218).”
From Immunosenescence and Its Hallmarks: How to Oppose Aging Strategically? A Review of Potential Options for Therapeutic Intervention (2019) · cites this paper as [218]
TLR triggering can induce production of cytokines by APCs.
“Stimulation of TLRs by agonists seems to be a promising strategy to enhance vaccine efficacy, because TLR triggering can induce the production of cytokines by APCs, and can promote germinal center antibody production (217, 218).”
From Immunosenescence and Its Hallmarks: How to Oppose Aging Strategically? A Review of Potential Options for Therapeutic Intervention (2019) · cites this paper as [218]
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- Authors
- DeFranco, A. L., Rookhuizen, D. C., & Hou, B.
- Affiliations
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- Corresponding author
- DeFranco, Anthony L.
- Venue
- Immunological Reviews
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2012-04-13
- Volume
- 247
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 64-72
- ISSN
- 0105-2896 (ISSN-L)
- 1600-065X
- PMC
- PMC3334874
- OpenAlex
- W2150926898
- Cited by
- 74
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 0.53
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Immunological Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R01AI072058, P01AI078869)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Keywords
- Toll-like receptors, germinal center, antibody response, T cell-dependent antibody response, class switch recombination, plasma cells, B cells, high-affinity antibodies, innate immunity, adaptive immunity, affinity selection
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Antibody Formation, B-Lymphocytes, Dendritic Cells, Humans, Immunoglobulin G, Immunity, Innate, Signal Transduction, Germinal Center, Toll-Like Receptors
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