Forty years of Fanger’s model of thermal comfort: comfort for all?

van Hoof, J.

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0668.2007.00516.x

Cited by 733Building Energy and Comfort OptimizationUrban Heat Island MitigationFacilities and Workplace Management

Forty years of Fanger’s model of thermal comfort: comfort for all?

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van Hoof, J.·2008·Indoor Air

DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0668.2007.00516.x

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Abstract

UNLABELLED: The predicted mean vote (PMV) model of thermal comfort, created by Fanger in the late 1960s, is used worldwide to assess thermal comfort. Fanger based his model on college-aged students for use in invariant environmental conditions in air-conditioned buildings in moderate thermal climate zones. Environmental engineering practice calls for a predictive method that is applicable to all types of people in any kind of building in every climate zone. In this publication, existing support and criticism, as well as modifications to the PMV model are discussed in light of the requirements by environmental engineering practice in the 21st century in order to move from a predicted mean vote to comfort for all. Improved prediction of thermal comfort can be achieved through improving the validity of the PMV model, better specification of the model's input parameters, and accounting for outdoor thermal conditions and special groups. The application range of the PMV model can be enlarged, for instance, by using the model to assess the effects of the thermal environment on productivity and behavior, and interactions with other indoor environmental parameters, and the use of information and communication technologies. Even with such modifications to thermal comfort evaluation, thermal comfort for all can only be achieved when occupants have effective control over their own thermal environment. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: The paper treats the assessment of thermal comfort using the PMV model of Fanger, and deals with the strengths and limitations of this model. Readers are made familiar to some opportunities for use in the 21st-century information society.

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Van Hoof's later review established that differences in preferred ambient temperatures were evident in several studies, stating that older people preferred higher temperatures, which the author ascribed to lower activity levels and lower basal metabolic rate.
“In contrast, a later review by van Hoof [61] established that differences in preferred ambient temperatures were evident in several studies, stating that older people preferred higher temperatures, which the author ascribed to lower activity levels and lower basal metabolic rate.”
From Drivers of diversity in human thermal perception – A review for holistic comfort models (2018) · cites this paper as [61]
Five review papers were identified that discuss the influence of age on preferred temperature or synonymous concepts such as neutral temperature or thermal comfort.
“Five review papers have been identified that discuss the influence of age on preferred temperature or synonymous concepts such as neutral temperature or thermal comfort (Table 3) [58–62].”
From Drivers of diversity in human thermal perception – A review for holistic comfort models (2018) · cites this paper as [61]
Most original studies identified by the review papers presented in Table 4 report women to be more sensitive to temperature fluctuations, women to be more often dissatisfied than men, women to have smaller comfort zones and to be more often uncomfortably hot or cold than men.
“In summary, most original studies identified by the review papers presented in Table 4 report women to be more sensitive to temperature fluctuations, women to be more often dissatisfied than men, women to have smaller comfort zones and to be more often uncomfortably hot or cold than men [59–61,67].”
From Drivers of diversity in human thermal perception – A review for holistic comfort models (2018) · cites this paper as [61]

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Authors: van Hoof, J.
Venue: Indoor Air
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2008-06
Volume: 18
Issue: 3
Pages: 182-201
ISSN: 0905-6947 (ISSN-L)
1600-0668
DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0668.2007.00516.x
OpenAlex: W2107186450
Cited by: 733
References: 89
Citations by year: 2026: 52 · 2025: 59 · 2024: 56 · 2023: 63 · 2022: 72 · 2021: 53 · 2020: 55 · 2019: 62 · 2018: 44 · 2017: 37 · 2016: 34 · 2015: 25 · 2014: 34 · 2013: 30 · 2012: 19
FWCI: 2.24
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1.1 (tdm, 2648 d)
Locations: Indoor Air (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
TU/e Research Portal (submittedVersion)
Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Engineering › Building and Construction › Building Energy and Comfort Optimization
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Engineering › Urban Heat Island Mitigation
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Facilities and Workplace Management
Keywords: thermal comfort, predicted mean vote, Fanger model, thermal comfort prediction, special groups, indoor environmental quality, information and communication technologies, model validity
MeSH terms: Air Conditioning, Environment, Facility Design and Construction, Humans, Models, Biological, Thermosensing, Workplace

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Forty years of Fanger’s model of thermal comfort: comfort for all?

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