DEMONSTRATING THE RELIABILITY THE DIFFERENCE SCORE IN THE MEASUREMENT OF CHANGE
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Change scores are reliable estimates of change when individual differences in true change exist.
“Despite concerns that difference scores are unreliable, Rogosa and Willett (1983) showed that change scores are reliable estimates of change when individual differences in true change do exist.”
From Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy Improves Emotional Reactivity to Social Stress: Results from a Randomized Controlled Trial (2012) · cites this paper as Rogosa and Willett (1983)
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- Authors
- ROGOSA, D. R., & WILLETT, J. B.
- Affiliations
- Princeton University (US)
- Corresponding author
- ROGOSA, DAVID R.
- ORCID
- WILLETT, JOHN B.
- Venue
- Journal of Educational Measurement
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1983-12
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 335-343
- ISSN
- 0022-0655 (ISSN-L)
- 1745-3984
- OpenAlex
- W2082962063
- Cited by
- 435
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 23 · 2012: 16
- FWCI
- 0.60
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Educational Measurement (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Reliability and Agreement in Measurement
- Social Sciences › Education › Educational Assessment and Pedagogy
- Keywords
- difference scores, measurement of change, reliability statistics, repeated measures, test-retest reliability
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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