Individual differences in long-term memory.

Unsworth, Nash

doi:10.1037/bul0000176

Cited by 99Memory Processes and InfluencesCognitive Abilities and TestingCognitive Functions and Memory

Individual differences in long-term memory.

Unsworth, Nash·2019·Psychological Bulletin

DOI 10.1037/bul0000176

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Abstract

The literature on individual differences in long-term memory (LTM) is organized and reviewed. This includes an extensive review of the factor structure of LTM abilities as well as specific individual differences in criterial tasks such as free recall, paired associates recall, and recognition. It is demonstrated that individual differences in LTM abilities are represented by various lower order factors based on criterial tasks as well as by a more general higher-order LTM factor. These individual differences are linked with multiple different constructs including working memory, intelligence, and attention control. Individual differences in forgetting, interference control, false memory, testing effects, general retrieval abilities, and the influence of strategies are also examined. Overall, it is clear that there are substantial and robust individual differences in LTM abilities and that these abilities demonstrate important relations with other cognitive abilities. Future directions and an integration of individual differences in a general framework of memory are discussed, and it is suggested that combined experimental and correlational approaches are needed to better understand individual differences in LTM and that individual differences in LTM should be used to better test and revise theories of LTM processes. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).

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There are individual differences in long-term memory.
“Certainly there are individual differences in long-term memory (Unsworth 2019, Zerr et al. 2018), but whether such differences extend to the testing effect remains to be seen.”
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How to Optimize Student Learning Using Student Models That Adapt Rapidly to Individual Differences
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Authors: Unsworth, N.
Venue: Psychological Bulletin
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 2019-01
Volume: 145
Issue: 1
Pages: 79-139
ISSN: 0033-2909 (ISSN-L)
1939-1455
DOI: 10.1037/bul0000176
OpenAlex: W2907696894
Cited by: 99
References: 402
Citations by year: 2026: 6 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 31 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 6
FWCI: 3.57
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Psychological Bulletin (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Functions and Memory
Keywords: individual differences, long-term memory, factor structure, free recall, paired associates, recognition memory, working memory, intelligence, attentional control, forgetting, interference control, false memory, testing effect, retrieval, memory strategies
MeSH terms: Attention, Female, Humans, Individuality, Intelligence, Male, Memory, Short-Term, Mental Recall, Recognition, Psychology, Memory, Long-Term

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