Relation of sympathy and personal distress to prosocial behavior: A multimethod study.
Abstract
Assessed sympathy and personal distress with facial and physiological indexes (heart rate) as well as self-report indexes and examined the relations of these various indexes to prosocial behavior for children and adults in an easy escape condition. Heart rate deceleration during exposure to the needy others was associated with increased willingness to help. In addition, adults' reports of sympathy, as well as facial sadness and concerned attention, were positively related to their intention to assist. For children, there was some indication that report of positive affect and facial distress were negatively related to prosocial intentions and behavior, whereas facial concern was positively related to the indexes of prosocial behavior. These findings are interpreted as providing additional, convergent support for the notion that sympathy and personal distress are differentially related to prosocial behavior.
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Appreciation of another's distress without experiencing overwhelming emotional distress is conducive to pro-social behavior.
“In contrast, appreciation of another’s distress without experiencing overwhelming emotional distress is conducive to pro-social behavior (3).”
From Empathy and pro-social behavior in rats (2011) · cites this paper as [3]
Intense sharing of another's pain can be a primary cause for empathic distress and decreased helping behavior.
“intense sharing of the other's pain can be a primary cause for empathic distress and decreased helping behavior (Batson et al., 1987;Eisenberg et al., 1989).”
From Differential pattern of functional brain plasticity after compassion and empathy training (2014) · cites this paper as Eisenberg et al., 1989
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- Authors
- Eisenberg, N., Fabes, R. A., Miller, P. A., Fultz, J., Shell, R., Mathy, R. M., & Reno, R. R.
- Affiliations
- Arizona State University (US)
- Nanjing University (CN)
- Venue
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
- Published
- 1989
- Volume
- 57
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 55-66
- ISSN
- 0022-3514 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1315
- OpenAlex
- W1985748704
- Cited by
- 637
- References
- 46
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 35 · 2022: 28 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 39 · 2019: 31 · 2018: 28 · 2017: 32 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 33 · 2014: 32 · 2013: 27 · 2012: 24
- FWCI
- 19.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (1 F32 MH0926301-01, 1 F32 MH081818-01)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (K04HD000717)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Emotions and Moral Behavior
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Action Observation and Synchronization
- Keywords
- sympathy, personal distress, prosocial behavior, helping behavior, heart rate, facial expressions, prosocial intentions, children, adults, multimethod assessment
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Affect, Altruism, Arousal, Child, Empathy, Female, Helping Behavior, Humans, Individuality, Male, Motivation, Personality Development, Social Behavior
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