Reliability and Validity of a Brief Questionnaire to Assess Television Viewing and Computer Use by Middle School Children
Abstract
ABSTRACT: Sedentary behaviors, like television viewing, are positively associated with overweight among young people. To monitor national health objectives for sedentary behaviors in young adolescents, this project developed and assessed the reliability and validity of a brief questionnaire to measure weekly television viewing, usual television viewing, and computer use by middle school children. Reliability and validity of the Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) question on weekday television viewing also were examined. A brief, five‐item television and computer use questionnaire was completed twice by 245 middle school children with one week apart. To concurrently assess validity, students also completed television and computer use logs for seven days. Among all students, Spearman correlations for test‐retest reliability for television viewing and computer use ranged from 0.55 to 0.68. Spearman correlations between the first questionnaire and the seven‐day log produced the following results: YRBS question for weekday television viewing (0.46), weekend television viewing (0.37), average television viewing over the week (0.47), and computer use (0.39). Methods comparison analysis showed a mean difference (hours/week) between answers to questionnaire items and the log of −0.04 (1.70 standard deviation [SD]) hours for weekday television, −0.21 (2.54 SD) for weekend television, −0.09 (1.75 SD) for average television over the week, and 0.68 (1.26 SD) for computer use. The YRBS weekday television viewing question, and the newly developed questions to assess weekend television viewing, average television viewing, and computer use, produced adequate reliability and validity for surveillance of middle school students. (J Sch Health. 2004;74(9):370–377)
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The TV viewing time question had adequate reliability (Spearman correlation = 0.55-0.68) and validity (Spearman correlation = 0.47) compared to 7-day TV time use logs, though it was not tested individually in every participating country.
“Although not tested individually in every participating country, the TV viewing time question was shown to have adequate reliability with a one week test-retest interval (Spearman correlation = 0.55–0.68) and validity as compared to 7-day TV time use logs (Spearman correlation = 0.47) [28].”
From Proportion of children meeting recommendations for 24-hour movement guidelines and associations with adiposity in a 12-country study (2016) · cites this paper as [28]
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- Authors
- Schmitz, K. H., Harnack, L., Fulton, J. E., Jacobs, D. R., Gao, S., Lytle, L. A., & Van Coevering, P.
- Affiliations
- University of Minnesota (US)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US)
- Venue
- Journal of School Health
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2004-11
- Volume
- 74
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 370-377
- ISSN
- 0022-4391 (ISSN-L)
- 1746-1561
- OpenAlex
- W2054538898
- Cited by
- 212
- References
- 16
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 30 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 1.88
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of School Health (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U36/CCU300430-20)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Social Sciences › Education › Child Development and Digital Technology
- Keywords
- television viewing, computer use, sedentary behavior, junior high school students, questionnaire development, test-retest reliability, concurrent validity, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, adolescent overweight
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior, Child, Computers, Female, Humans, Male, Minnesota, Population Surveillance, Surveys and Questionnaires, Seasons, Students, Television, Reproducibility of Results, Cohort Studies, Age Distribution, Sex Distribution, Racial Groups
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