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Cited by 238HIV Research and TreatmentNeuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration MechanismsInfectious Diseases and Tuberculosis

Human Brain Parenchymal Microglia Express CD14 and CD45 and are Productively Infected by HIV‐1 in HIV‐1 Encephalitis

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Cosenza;, Melissa A., Zhao;, Meng‐Liang, Si;, Qiusheng, Lee, Sunhee C.·2002·Brain Pathology
DOI 10.1111/j.1750-3639.2002.tb00461.xPMC PMC8095974
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Abstract

Microglia are endogenous brain macrophages that show distinct phenotypes such as expression of myeloid antigens, ramified morphology, and presence within the neural parenchyma. They play significant roles in a number of human CNS diseases including AIDS dementia. Together with monocytederived (perivascular) macrophages, microglia represent a major target of HIV‐1 infection. However, a recent report challenged this notion based on findings in SIV encephalitis. This study concluded that perivascular macrophages can be distinguished from parenchymal microglial cells by their expression of CD14 and CD45, and that macrophages, but not microglia, are productively infected in SIV and HIV encephalitis. To address whether parenchymal microglia are productively infected in HIV encephalitis, we analyzed expression of CD14, CD45 and HIV‐1 p24 in human brain. Microglia were identified based on their characteristic ramified morphology and location in the neural parenchyma. We found that parenchymal microglia are CD14+ (activated), CD45+ (resting and activated), and constitute approximately two thirds of the p24+ cells in HIV encephalitis cases. These results demonstrate that microglia are major targets of infection by HIV‐1, and delineate possible differences between HIVE and SIVE. Because productively infected tissue macrophages serve as the major viral reservoir, these findings have important implications for AIDS.

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  • In HIVE cases with diffuse infection, ramified glial cells had enhanced TSPO positivity, most of which were clearly identifiable as activated microglia.

    “In cases where the infection was diffuse [23], ramified glial cells had enhanced TSPO positivity, most of which were clearly identifiable as activated microglia.”

    From Expression of the translocator protein of 18 kDa by microglia, macrophages and astrocytes based on immunohistochemical localization in abnormal human brain (2009) · cites this paper as [23]

    The Abstract reports HIV-1 infection of parenchymal microglia in HIV encephalitis, but the available passages do not establish that the infection was diffuse. The citation is attached to the diffuse-infection condition; the subsequent TSPO observation appears to be the citing authors’ own finding. (LLM, conf=0.75)

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Research works printed but not linked: 6

  1. [3]3. Becher B, Fedorowicz V, Antel JP (1996) Regulation of CD14 expression on human adult central nervous systemderived microglia. J Neurosci Res 45:375–381. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
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Authors
Cosenza;, M. A., Zhao;, M., Si;, Q., & Lee, S. C.
Affiliations
Albert Einstein College of Medicine (US)
Corresponding author
Lee, Sunhee C.
Venue
Brain Pathology
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2002-10
Volume
12
Issue
4
Pages
442-455
ISSN
  • 1015-6305 (ISSN-L)
  • 1750-3639
DOI
10.1111/j.1750-3639.2002.tb00461.x
PMC
PMC8095974
OpenAlex
W1990773400
Cited by
238
References
67
Citations by year
2026: 5 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 5
FWCI
3.44
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor, 1282 d)
Locations
  • Brain Pathology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health (5r01ai044641-04)
  • National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH055477, R24-MH-59724, R24MH059724, MH 55477)
  • National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (AI44641)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Virology › HIV Research and Treatment
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Infectious Diseases and Tuberculosis
Keywords
microglia, HIV-1 encephalitis, CD14, CD45, perivascular macrophages, SIV encephalitis, HIV-1 p24 antigen, HIV-associated dementia, viral reservoir, brain macrophages
MeSH terms
Adult, Antigens, Surface, Brain, Cells, Cultured, Female, Fetus, Humans, Immunohistochemistry, Macrophages, Male, Middle Aged, Monocytes, Biomarkers, HIV-1, AIDS Dementia Complex, HIV Core Protein p24, Leukocyte Common Antigens, Microglia, Lipopolysaccharide Receptors, Cell Size

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