Cited by 100Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration MechanismsHIV Research and TreatmentNeurological Disease Mechanisms and Treatments

CD163 Identifies a Unique Population of Ramified Microglia in HIV Encephalitis (HIVE)

Roberts, Eleanor S., Masliah, Eleizer, Fox, Howard S.·2004·Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology

Abstract

The idea that CNS ramified microglia are quiescent has been challenged by studies that show that microglia without the classic signs of activation can be phagocytic and appear with shorter, thicker ramifications. These semi-activated cells may constitute a form of microglia that has not been previously recognized in neuropathological conditions and may contribute to the pathology and dysfunction in these disorders. This study investigated the expression of CD 163, a cell surface marker whose normal expression is restricted to monocytes/macrophages, in cases of HIV or SIV encephalitis (HIVE/SIVE), Alzheimer disease, and variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. In HIVE/SIVE, in addition to reacting with CNS macrophages, CD163 antibody staining was shown to highlight ramified microglia. Such reactivity was especially notable in grey matter ramified microglia and was greater than that of another typically used marker, HLA-DR. CD163 expression was only observed in infected/affected tissue, in contrast to that shown with another microglia marker, GLUT5, which has recently been shown to identify all microglia regardless of disease state. Although activated microglia were present in the other disorders, as evidenced by strong HLA-DR expression, there was very little CD163 immunoreactivity. The activation state identified by CD163 has not been previously recognized and may have a positive or negative impact on neuronal damage shown in HIV-associated dementia.

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  • Brain parenchymal CD163 positive macrophages correlate with blood-brain barrier damage in other white matter disorders.

    “Brain parenchymal CD163 positive macrophages correlate with blood-brain barrier damage in other white matter disorders [5, 45, 56].”

    From Loss of homeostatic microglial phenotype in CSF1R-related Leukoencephalopathy (2020) · cites this paper as [45]

    The Results and Discussion (page unavailable) report CD163-positive cells in the brain parenchyma, including white matter, in HIV/SIV encephalitis. They do not report a correlation with blood–brain barrier damage or establish that relationship in other white matter disorders. (LLM, conf=0.82)

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2 of the 52 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 3

  1. Ritter M, Buechler C, Kapinsky M, Schmitz G. Interaction of CD163 with the regulatory subunit of casein kinase II (CKII) and dependence of CD163 signaling on CKII and protein kinase C. Eur J Immunol 2001;31:999-1009
  2. Everall IP, Heaton RK, Marcotte TD, et al. Cortical synaptic density is reduced in mild to moderate human immunodeficiency virus neu- rocognitive disorder. HNRC Group. HIV Neurobehavioral Research Center. Brain Pathol 1999;9:209-17
  3. Carpenter AF, Carpenter PW, Markesbery WR. Morphometric anal- ysis of microglia in Alzheimer's disease. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 1993;52:601-8

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Authors
Roberts, E. S., Masliah, E., & Fox, H. S.
Affiliations
  • Scripps Research Institute (US)
  • University of California San Diego (US)
Corresponding author
Fox, Howard S.
Venue
Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology
Published
2004-12
Volume
63
Issue
12
Pages
1255-1264
ISSN
  • 0022-3069 (ISSN-L)
  • 1554-6578
OpenAlex
W123631083
Cited by
100
References
52
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 9 · 2020: 6 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 10
FWCI
1.82
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health (5r01mh061224-05)
  • National Institute of Mental Health (MH 62261, MH 61224, R01MH061692, MH 61692, R01MH059468, P30MH062261, MH 59468)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Virology › HIV Research and Treatment
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neurological Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
Keywords
CD163, ramified microglia, HIV encephalitis, SIV encephalitis, microglial activation, HLA-DR, GLUT5, Alzheimer's disease, variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, HIV-associated dementia, phagocytosis
MeSH terms
CD163 Antigen, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, Alzheimer Disease, Animals, Brain, Humans, Immunohistochemistry, Creutzfeldt-Jakob Syndrome, Macaca mulatta, Receptors, Cell Surface, Staining and Labeling, Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic, AIDS Dementia Complex, Antigens, CD, Case-Control Studies, Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, Microglia, Encephalitis, Viral

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