Parsing the undercontrol-disinhibition pathway to substance use disorders: A multilevel developmental problem

Zucker, Robert A; Heitzeg, Mary M; Nigg, Joel T

doi:10.1111/j.1750-8606.2011.00172.x

Cited by 200Substance Abuse Treatment and OutcomesChild and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional DevelopmentNeural and Behavioral Psychology Studies

Parsing the undercontrol-disinhibition pathway to substance use disorders: A multilevel developmental problem

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Zucker, Robert A, Heitzeg, Mary M, Nigg, Joel T·2011·Child Development Perspectives

DOI 10.1111/j.1750-8606.2011.00172.xPMC PMC3221325

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Abstract

A long-standing and diverse body of evidence has documented the importance of externalizing characteristics as very early etiologic predictors of a pathway to severe alcohol and other drug problems and substance use disorder (SUD). At the same time, much remains unclear about the mechanistic structure of this pathway, including understanding what the defining characteristics are that encompass the diverse behaviors included in the externalizing domain. This article proposes that the core risk phenotype unifying this domain is behavioral undercontrol–disinhibition. It describes the defining features of this phenotype and outlines the mediators, moderators, and developmental course that characterize the pathway from early risk to a SUD endpoint. A brief summary of the neurocognitive and brain functional response systems that underlie the behavioral phenotype emphasizes the operation of two systems in dynamic tension, one an effortful control system, the other an incentive reactivity system.

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Adverse family factors shape long-term propensities to act in particular ways, increasing the likelihood of undercontrolled/disinhibited and impulsive behavior.
“They also shape long term propensities to act in particular ways—i.e., they shape personality—specifically by increasing the likelihood that behavior will be undercontrolled/disinhibited (cf. Zucker et al., 2011) and impulsive (cf. Loukas et al., 2001; Wills et al., 2017).”
From Assessment of culture and environment in the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development Study: Rationale, description of measures, and early data (2018) · cites this paper as Zucker et al., 2011
These studies show that the pathway from externalizing problems to many problem outcomes can be changed by experimentally induced parenting changes.
“These studies demonstrate that the pathway from externalizing to many problem outcomes is malleable through experimentally induced changes in parenting, adding to prior passive longitudinal studies that found long-term relationships between earlier externalizing problems and this complex of outcomes (38).”
From Long-term effects of parenting-focused preventive interventions to promote resilience of children and adolescents (2015) · cites this paper as [38]
Prior passive longitudinal studies found long-term relationships between earlier externalizing problems and a complex of outcomes.
“adding to prior passive longitudinal studies that found long-term relationships between earlier externalizing problems and this complex of outcomes (38).”
From Long-term effects of parenting-focused preventive interventions to promote resilience of children and adolescents (2015) · cites this paper as [38]

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Authors: Zucker, R. A., Heitzeg, M. M., & Nigg, J. T.
Affiliations: University of Michigan (US)
Oregon Health & Science University (US)
Corresponding author: Zucker, Robert A
ORCID: Zucker, Robert A
Heitzeg, Mary M
Nigg, Joel T
Venue: Child Development Perspectives
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published: 2011-11-09
Volume: 5
Issue: 4
Pages: 248-255
ISSN: 1750-8592 (ISSN-L)
1750-8606
DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-8606.2011.00172.x
PMC: PMC3221325
OpenAlex: W1489882924
Cited by: 200
References: 87
Citations by year: 2026: 7 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 26 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 7
FWCI: 9.88
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: academic.oup.com/pages/standard-publication-reuse-rights (vor)
Locations: Child Development Perspectives (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Deep Blue (University of Michigan) (submittedVersion)
Funders: National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (R37AA007065, R01AA012217)
National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA027261)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
Keywords: substance use disorders, externalizing problems, disinhibition, effortful control, alcohol consumption, developmental pathways, risk phenotypes, mediators and moderators

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Parsing the undercontrol-disinhibition pathway to substance use disorders: A multilevel developmental problem

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