Android Fat Depot Is More Closely Associated with Metabolic Syndrome than Abdominal Visceral Fat in Elderly People
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Fat accumulation in android compartments may confer increased metabolic risk. The incremental utility of measuring regional fat deposition in association with metabolic syndrome (MS) has not been well described particularly in an elderly population. METHODS AND FINDINGS: As part of the Korean Longitudinal Study on Health and Aging, which is a community-based cohort study of people aged more than 65 years, subjects (287 male, 75.9±8.6 years and 278 female, 76.0±8.8 years) with regional body composition data using Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry for android/gynoid area, computed tomography for visceral/subcutaneous adipose tissue (VAT/SAT), and cardiometabolic markers including adiponectin and high-sensitivity CRP were enrolled. We investigated the relationship between regional body composition and MS in multivariate regression models. Mean VAT and SAT area was 131.4±65.5 cm(2) and 126.9±55.2 cm(2) in men (P = 0.045) and 120.0±46.7 cm(2) and 211.8±65.9 cm(2) in women (P<0.01). Mean android and gynoid fat amount was 1.8±0.8 kg and 2.5±0.8 kg in men and 2.0±0.6 kg and 3.3±0.8 kg in women, respectively (both P<0.01). VAT area and android fat amount was strongly correlated with most metabolic risk factors compared to SAT or gynoid fat. Furthermore, android fat amount was significantly associated with clustering of MS components after adjustment for multiple parameters including age, gender, adiponectin, hsCRP, a surrogate marker of insulin resistance, whole body fat mass and VAT area. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings are consistent with the hypothesized role of android fat as a pathogenic fat depot in the MS. Measurement of android fat may provide a more complete understanding of metabolic risk associated with variations in fat distribution.
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BRI offers potential advantages, such as incorporating both height and WC to provide a more comprehensive estimate of body composition, which may better reflect visceral adiposity compared to BMI alone.
“BRI offers potential advantages, such as incorporating both height and waist circumference (WC) to provide a more comprehensive estimate of body composition, which may better reflect visceral adiposity compared to body mass index (BMI) alone.”
From Effectiveness of body roundness index for the prediction of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2025) · cites this paper as [12]
The Results (Table 2; page unavailable) report separate correlations of BMI and waist circumference with visceral fat, while the Discussion addresses DXA and CT assessment of body composition. Searches for “body roundness index,” “BRI,” and height-and-waist-based estimation found no passage defining BRI or comparing its estimate of visceral adiposity with BMI. (LLM, conf=0.76)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredBRI has limitations including the need for further validation in diverse populations and the lack of clear evidence demonstrating its superiority over conventional biomarkers in all clinical contexts.
“However, its limitations include the need for further validation in diverse populations and the lack of clear evidence demonstrating its superiority over conventional biomarkers in all clinical contexts [12].”
From Effectiveness of body roundness index for the prediction of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2025) · cites this paper as [12]
The Discussion (page unavailable) calls for further study because findings about DXA-measured android fat came from a small, single cohort of older adults. Our copy does not address BRI or its validation across populations or clinical contexts; searches for BRI, diverse-population validation, and superiority over conventional biomarkers found no relevant passage. (LLM, conf=0.78)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
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- Authors
- Kang, S. M., Yoon, J. W., Ahn, H. Y., Kim, S. Y., Lee, K. H., Shin, H., Choi, S. H., Park, K. S., Jang, H. C., & Lim, S.
- Affiliations
- Seoul National University (KR)
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Lim, Soo
- ORCID
- Venue
- PLoS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2011-11-11
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- e27694
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3214067
- OpenAlex
- W2065997993
- Cited by
- 197
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 8.29
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Korean Diabetes Association
- Seoul National University Bundang Hospital
- Seoul National University
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Body Composition Measurement Techniques
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Disease and Adiposity
- Keywords
- android fat, gynoid fat, visceral adipose tissue, subcutaneous adipose tissue, metabolic syndrome, regional body composition, body fat distribution, older adults, adiponectin, high-sensitivity CRP, insulin resistance
- MeSH terms
- Adipose Tissue, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Female, Humans, Male, Obesity, Absorptiometry, Photon, Coronary Stenosis, Metabolic Syndrome, Subcutaneous Fat, Intra-Abdominal Fat
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