Inferring mindful cognitive‐processing of peer‐feedback via eye‐tracking: role of feedback‐characteristics, fixation‐durations and transitions
Abstract
Abstract Feedback literature identifies mindful cognitive processing of (peer) feedback and (peer) feedback characteristics – as well as the presence of justifications for feedback – as important for its efficiency. However, mindful cognitive processing has yet to be operationalized and investigated. In this study, an operationalization of mindful cognitive processing is introduced, alongside an investigation to identify valid measures for it. In a between‐subjects design, peer feedback (PF) content [elaborated specific feedback with justifications (ESF + J) vs. elaborated specific feedback without justifications (ESF)] was varied. Students received a scenario containing an essay by a fictional student and fictional PF, followed by a text revision, distraction and PF recall task. Eye tracking was applied to measure (a) how written PF was (re‐) read (fixation durations) and (b) the number of transitions occurring between PF and essay text. Mindful cognitive processing was inferred from the relation between fixation durations on PF and number of transitions between essay text and PF with (a) text revision performance and (b) PF recall performance. When no justifications were provided, recipients invested more time in reading the PF and essay and increased the effort to relate the PF to essay text. Fixation durations and number of transitions proved to be valid measures to infer mindful cognitive processing.
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It is not guaranteed that the studies ensured that the students actually engaged in mindful processing.
“Therefore, it is not guaranteed that the studies ensured that the students actually engaged in mindful processing, as a kind of manipulation check (Bolzer et al., 2015).”
From Enhancing the Peer-Feedback Process Through Instructional Support: A Meta-Analysis (2025) · cites this paper as Bolzer et al., 2015
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- Authors
- Bolzer, M., Strijbos, J. W., & Fischer, F.
- Affiliations
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Bolzer, M.
- Venue
- Journal of Computer Assisted Learning
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2014-12-16
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 422-434
- ISSN
- 0266-4909 (ISSN-L)
- 1365-2729
- OpenAlex
- W1594662815
- Cited by
- 57
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 8 · 2015: 2
- FWCI
- 17.13
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Computer Assisted Learning (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Education › Student Assessment and Feedback
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Visual and Cognitive Learning Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods
- Keywords
- peer feedback, feedback characteristics, fixation duration, eye movements, textual revision, essay revision
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