Individual differences as predictors of social networking
Abstract
Research suggests that personality dictates specific Internet preferences. One area that remains relatively unexplored is the influence of personality on engagement with social networking sites (SNSs). The current study employs a ‘Uses and Gratifications’ framework to investigate whether personality, age, and sex predict motivations for using SNSs. The study explores both global and specific factors of personality using Eysenck's EPQ-R short form (extraversion, neuroticism and psychoticism) and Beck's SAS (sociotropy and autonomy). Principal component analysis identified ten distinct motivational components, which were then successfully predicted by individual differences through regression analyses. It is therefore suggested that individuals with different profiles vary in their motivations for using SNSs. Results support theoretical assumptions based on previous literature and personality dispositions.
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Individuals with certain personality traits, such as neuroticism and extraversion, are more likely to use SNSs excessively or develop SNSs addiction compared to others.
“Existing literature have suggested that individuals with certain personality traits (e.g., neuroticism and extraversion) are more likely to use SNSs excessively or develop SNSs addiction as compared to others (Caci, Cardaci, Tabacchi, & Scrima, 2014;Muller et al., 2016;Orchard, Fullwood, Galbraith, & Morris, 2014;Wilson, Fornasier, & White, 2010).”
From Till logout do us part? Comparison of factors predicting excessive social network sites use and addiction between Singaporean adolescents and adults (2017) · cites this paper as Orchard et al., 2014
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BackgroundAcademics’ Epistemological Attitudes towards Academic Social Networks and Social Media
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“These motivations encompass exchanging information, conforming to social norms, expressing oneself freely, maintaining social connections, and engaging in recreational activities, where the strongest predictor of SM use is the desire to forge new connections [37].”
BackgroundPaftalika, R. B., & Hananto, A. (2018) · Binus Business Review · doi:10.21512/bbr.v9i3.4722 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“Then, Orchard et al. (2014) found that women were more motivated to use SNS to maintain social relationships.”
BackgroundStudy of Consumer Brand Following Intention on Instagram
Madan, S. K., & Kapoor, P. S. (2021) · International Journal of Online Marketing · doi:10.4018/ijom.2021040103 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Dizdari, H., & Seiler, R. (2020) · Psychology of sport and exercise · doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2020.101798 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
The role of personality traits in participation in an Online Cancer Community
Badreddine, B. M., Blount, Y., & Quilter, M. (2022) · Aslib Journal of Information Management · doi:10.1108/ajim-05-2022-0242 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Mir, I. A. (2018) · Revista de Administração de Empresas · doi:10.1590/s0034-759020180206 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Validation of the Motives to Use Social Networking Sites Scale (MOTUS)
Reimann, L., Ozimek, P., Rohmann, E., & Bierhoff, H. (2023) · Telematics and Informatics Reports · doi:10.1016/j.teler.2023.100080 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Milios, A., Xiong, T., McEwan, K., & McGrath, P. J. (2022) · JMIR Nursing · doi:10.2196/36167 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“Extroverts tend to belong to more Facebook support groups [19] and are more likely to use SNS to establish social connections and friendships [15,20].”
BackgroundSocial Media Motivations Scale (SMM-S): Measure Adaptation and Predictors
Pedruzzi, P. F., de Almeida, I. M., Matos, F. R., & Andrade, A. L. D. (2021) · Liberabit Revista Peruana de Psicología · doi:10.24265/liberabit.2021.v27n2.04 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“…motivations for using social media is the Social Media 3 Social Media Motivations Scale (SMM-S): Measure Adaptation and Predictors ISSN (Digital): 2223-7666Liberabit, 2021, 27(2), e472 (julio - diciembre) Motivations Scale (SMM-S; Orchard et al., 2014), which was developed in the United Kingdom.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialCross-cultural validity of the psycho-social aspects of Facebook Use (PSAFU) scale
Jovanović, T. S., Bodroža, B., Orchard, L. J., Fullwood, C., Kermani, H., Casale, S., Fioravanti, G., Buljan, I., & Hren, D. (2022) · Psihologija · doi:10.2298/psi210702013j · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“Numerous scholars have explored the relationship between personality traits and SNS use (Amichai-Hamburger & Vinitzky, 2010; Bodroža & Jovanović, 2016; Correa et al., 2010; Orchard et al., 2014; Ross, et al., 2009; Skues et al., 2012; Wilson et al., 2010).”
BackgroundWhat is Generation Zs’ Preferred Social Media Network?
Jambulingam, M., Francis, J., & Dorasamy, M. (2018) · International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communication & Automation (ICACCA) · doi:10.1109/icaccaf.2018.8776817 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“, (2014) found that freedom of expression, entertainment, conformity and exchange of information are the main motivators for using social media networks [14].”
BackgroundDuradoni, M., Colombini, G., Battistoni, V., Zagaglia, V., & Guazzini, A. (2025) · Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies · doi:10.1155/hbe2/6211572 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Study of Consumer Brand Following Intention on Instagram
Madan, S. K., & Kapoor, P. S. (2022) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/978-1-6684-6287-4.ch104 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Passion for an activity and its role on affect: Does personality and the type of activity matter?
Mylonopoulos, N. A., & Theoharakis, V. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1047257 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“These results might be explained by the fact that physical exercise depends on characteristics related to conscientiousness such as deliberate planning, achievement-striving, and the self-discipline to dutifully carry out one’s plans (Rhodes and Boudreau, 2017), whereas engagement with social media is often unplanned…”
BackgroundSocial media sharing disposition (SMSD) as a driver of consumer information-sharing behavior
Bailey, A. A., & Mimoun, M. S. B. (2024) · Journal of Consumer Marketing · doi:10.1108/jcm-05-2023-6006 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Khoueiry, C. E., Sacre, H., Haddad, C., Akel, M., Saade, S., Hallit, S. R., & Obeïd, S. (2020) · Perspectives In Psychiatric Care · doi:10.1111/ppc.12539 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Modeling Considerations for Quantitative Social Science Research Using Social Media DataPreprint
Budak, C., Soroka, S., Singh, L., Bailey, M., Bode, L., Chawla, N. V., Davis-Kean, P. E., Choudhury, M. D., Veaux, R. D. D., Hahn, U., et al. (2021) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/3e2ux · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Walia, S. K., Choudhary, P., Tiwari, P., & Sharma, A. (2025) · Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Education · doi:10.1080/10963758.2025.2484191 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Filip, D., der Hallen, R. V., Smeets, G., Franken, I. H. A., & Prinzie, P. (2024) · Emerging Adulthood · doi:10.1177/21676968241264323 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“Regarding the Uses and Grati fi cations Theory, individuals scoring high in psychoticism, social media may offer a platform for uncon-ventional expression, exploration of ideas, and self-exploration that may be inhibited in of fl ine interactions (Orchard & Fullwood, 2009; Orchard et al., 2014).”
Cyber psihologija – pregled ključnih istraživačkih područja i nalaza
Krečar, I. M. (2022) · Suvremene teme · doi:10.46917/st.13.1.1 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Scale for Efficacy in the Safe Use of the Internet for Students
Çavuş, N., & Mohammed, A. A. (2017) · New Trends and Issues Proceedings on Humanities and Social Sciences · doi:10.18844/prosoc.v3i3.1557 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Zapatero, M. D. C., & Corral, E. M. (2014) · Library Open Repository (Universidad Complutense Madrid) · doi:10.12804/disertaciones.v7i2.4687 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
The Links between Attachment and Cyberaddiction
Menif, L., Medini, F., Derouiche, S., & Melki, W. (2016) · Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology · doi:10.17265/2328-2150/2016.08.006 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“But Internet could also offer the possibility to replay the problems related to attachment [10].”
BackgroundRadzi, S. R. K. M., & Bolong, J. (2021) · International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences · doi:10.6007/ijarbss/v11-i12/10989 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“Some of the researchers found that Extrovert and Introvert characters have no difference either in FTF or in social media (Tosun & Lajunen, 2010; Wilson et al., 2010) and some said otherwise (Mitchell et al., Shoger 2011; Orchard et al., 2014).”
BackgroundInfluentialMorris, D. S. M., & Morris, J. S. (2023) · Journal of Information Communication and Ethics in Society · doi:10.1108/jices-04-2023-0052 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Temler, M., Paterson, H. M., & MacCann, C. (2024) · Discover Psychology · doi:10.1007/s44202-024-00252-0 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Dorčić, T. M., Mohorić, T., & Kukić, M. (2025) · European Journal of Mental Health · doi:10.5708/ejmh.20.2025.0046 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“The Social Media Motivations Scale (Orchard et al., 2014) evaluates motives such as freedom of expression, information-seeking, social interaction, and others.”
An Empirical Study on Determining the Effectiveness of Social Media Advertising
Arora, T., & Agarwal, B. (2022) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/978-1-6684-6287-4.ch105 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Correlation between social networking time use and self-control of university students in Indonesia
Firani, I., Nila, S., & Widayati, K. A. (2022) · Kasetsart Journal of Social Sciences · doi:10.34044/j.kjss.2022.43.4.18 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Alshakhsi, S. A. A., Babiker, A., Sindermann, C., Al‐Thani, D., Montag, C., & Ali, R. (2024) · Frontiers in Computer Science · doi:10.3389/fcomp.2024.1387681 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Social Media Impact on Organisations
Myddleton, J., & Fullwood, C. (2016) · Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks · doi:10.1057/9781137517036_13 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Comparing US and Spanish student teachers’ perceptions on social media
Tur, G. (2017) · New Trends and Issues Proceedings on Humanities and Social Sciences · doi:10.18844/prosoc.v4i1.2297 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“How can I keep quiet?” Motivations to participate in vaccination communication on Facebook
Rodin, P. (2022) · Communications · doi:10.1515/commun-2021-0081 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
The Variations of Facebook Usage and Social Well-Being in Emerging Adults with Symptoms of ADHD
Deasley, S. (2016) · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Massier, L. A. (2017) · doi:10.30707/etd2017.massier.l · Cited by 1 · see citing works
- Authors
- Orchard, L. J., Fullwood, C., Galbraith, N., & Morris, N.
- Affiliations
- University of Derby (GB)
- University of Wolverhampton (GB)
- Venue
- Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2014-02-17
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 388-402
- ISSN
- 1083-6101 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2130769827
- Cited by
- 120
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 4
- FWCI
- 13.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication (publishedVersion)
- Research Repository (University of Gloucestershire) (acceptedVersion)
- Wolverhampton Intellectual Repository and E-Theses (University of Wolverhampton) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Impact of Technology on Adolescents
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Networks and Communications › Media and Digital Communication
- Keywords
- social networking sites, personality, uses and gratifications theory, motivations for social media use, individual differences, extraversion, neuroticism, psychoticism, sociotropy, autonomy, age, sex differences
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