Targeted Anticoagulation for Atrial Fibrillation Guided by Continuous Rhythm Assessment With an Insertable Cardiac Monitor: The Rhythm Evaluation for Anticoagulation With Continuous Monitoring (REACT.COM) Pilot Study
Open accessAbstract
The Rhythm Evaluation for Anticoagulation With Continuous Monitoring: Introduction: Chronic anticoagulation is recommended for patients with AF and additional stroke risk factors, even during long periods of sinus rhythm. Continuous rhythm assessment with an insertable cardiac monitor (ICM) and use of rapid onset novel oral anticoagulants (NOACs) allow for targeted anticoagulation only around an AF episode, potentially reducing bleeding complications without compromising stroke risk. Methods: This multicenter, single‐arm study enrolled patients on NOAC with nonpermanent AF and CHADS 2 score 1 or 2. After a 60‐day run‐in with no AF episodes ≥ 1 hour, NOACs were discontinued but reinitiated for 30 days following any AF episode ≥ 1 hour diagnosed through daily ICM transmissions. Major endpoints included time on NOAC, stroke, and bleeding. Results: Among 59 enrollees, 75% were male, age 67 ± 8 years, 76% paroxysmal AF, 69% had prior AF ablation, and mean CHADS 2 score 1.3 ± 0.5. Over 466 ± 131 mean days of follow‐up there were 24,004 ICM transmissions with a compliance rate of 98.7%. A total of 35 AF episodes ≥ 1 hour occurred in 18 (31%) patients, resulting in a total time on NOAC of 1,472 days. This represents a 94% reduction in the time on NOAC compared to chronic anticoagulation. There were three traumatic bleeds (all on aspirin), three potential transient ischemic attacks (all on aspirin with CHADS 2 score of 1), and no strokes or deaths. Conclusions: A targeted strategy of ICM‐guided intermittent NOAC administration is feasible. A large‐scale trial is necessary to evaluate the safety of this approach.
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The REACT.COM pilot study showed a 94% reduction in anticoagulation use compared with chronic anticoagulation treatment.
“This study showed a 94% reduction in anticoagulation use compared with chronic anticoagulation treatment73, with a saving of approximately US$800 per patient over 3 years74.”
From Smart wearable devices in cardiovascular care: Where we are and how to move forward (2021) · cites this paper as [73]
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Current and Emerging Uses of Insertable Cardiac Monitors
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Self-citationAiry, M., Chang, T. I., Ding, V. Y., Goldstein, B. A., Bansal, N., Niu, J., Navaneethan, S. D., Turakhia, M. P., & Winkelmayer, W. C. (2017) · Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation · doi:10.1093/ndt/gfx301 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
“However, formulas do not reflect GFR with acceptable accuracy and precision, as indicated by studies in chronic kidney disease (CKD) [1, 2], diabetes [3, 4], renal transplantation [5, 6], polycystic kidney disease [7], cancer [8], heart failure [9], cirrhosis [10], liver transplantation [11] and children with CKD [12]…”
BackgroundInfluentialVarma, N., Cygankiewicz, I., Turakhia, M. P., Heidbuchel, H., Hu, Y., Chen, L. Y., Couderc, J.-P., Cronin, E. M., Estep, J. D., Grieten, L., et al. (2021) · Cardiovascular Digital Health Journal · doi:10.1016/j.cvdhj.2020.11.004 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
“A similar approach has been proposed for rhythm-guided use of direct OACs in lower-risk AF patients with infrequent episodes either spontaneously or as the result of a rhythm control intervention including drugs and ablation; a randomized trial is in development (Passman 2016).”
BackgroundSelf-citationTilz, R. R., Shaik, N. A., Piorkowski, C., Hu, Y., Connolly, A. T., Reyes, I. J., Nabutovsky, Y., Fischer, A., & Ip, J. H. (2021) · Journal of Innovations in Cardiac Rhythm Management · doi:10.19102/icrm.2021.120806 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Continuous rhythm monitoring‐guided anticoagulation after atrial fibrillation ablation
Pothineni, N. V. K., Amankwah, N., Santangeli, P., Schaller, R. D., Supple, G. E., Deo, R., Nazarian, S., Garcia, F. C., Dixit, S., Callans, D. J., et al. (2020) · Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology · doi:10.1111/jce.14864 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“The Rhythm Evaluation for Anticoagulation with Continuous Monitoring pilot study evaluated the feasibility of ICMs to detect episodes of AF and initiate treatment with DOACs, as opposed to continuous anticoagulation.(25) In this study of 59 patients, any detected AF episode greater than 1 h triggered use of a DOAC for…”
MethodDekker, L., Pokushalov, E. A., Sanders, P., Lindborg, K. A., Maus, B., & Pürerfellner, H. (2016) · Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology · doi:10.1111/pace.12897 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Zado, E. S., Pammer, M. R., Parham, T., Lin, D., Frankel, D. S., Dixit, S., & Marchlinski, F. E. (2019) · Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology · doi:10.1111/jce.13859 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“%) continue with twice daily pulse assessment and have not used NOAC.”
ResultInfluentialVarma, N., Cygankiewicz, I., Turakhia, M. P., Heidbüchel, H., Hu, Y., Chen, L. Y., Couderc, J., Cronin, E. M., Estep, J. D., Grieten, L., et al. (2021) · European Heart Journal - Digital Health · doi:10.1093/ehjdh/ztab001 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Self-citationPerformance of Atrial Fibrillation Burden Trends for Stroke Risk Stratification
Piccini, J. P., Stanelle, E. J., Johnson, C. C., Hylek, E. M., Kanwar, R., Lakkireddy, D., Mittal, S., Peacock, J. M., Russo, A. M., Soderlund, D. M., et al. (2024) · Circulation Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology · doi:10.1161/circep.123.012394 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“22,23 It is interesting, although not entirely surprising, that the performance of individual AF measurements exhibited distinctive risk prediction in different populations with implanted ICMs.”
Self-citationBridge, F., & Thijs, V. (2016) · Journal of Stroke · doi:10.5853/jos.2016.00150 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“The finding of a marked but short-term increased risk of stroke may provide evidence for targeted intermittent anticoagulation using rapidly acting anticoagulants, exclusively during the high-risk period for stroke prevention.(36) Trials are planned to compare intermittent, monitoring based “on demand” anticoagulation…”
BackgroundSteinhaus, D. A., ZIMETBAUM, P. J., PASSMAN, R. S., Leong‐Sit, P., & REYNOLDS, M. R. (2016) · Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology · doi:10.1111/jce.13090 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Self-citationSolari, D., Bertero, E., Miceli, R., Brunelli, C., Ameri, P., & Canepa, M. (2017) · International Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.12.189 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Keys, R., Marshall, P., Stuart, G., & O’Kane, A. A. (2025) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3706598.3713326 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“This targeted approach could remove the need for lifelong daily medication [91].”
InfluentialMonitoring for AF: Identifying the Burden of Atrial Fibrillation and Assessing Post-Ablation
PASSMAN, R. S. (2017) · Journal of Innovations in Cardiac Rhythm Management · doi:10.19102/icrm.2017.080104 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“COM pilot study, patients used an ICM for daily remote AF monitoring (Figure 5).(26) Using rapid-onset novel oral anticoagulants, patients only reinitiated anticoagulation following prolonged AF episodes.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citationQuantifying Time in Atrial Fibrillation and the Need for Anticoagulation
Miyazawa, K., Pastori, D., & Lip, G. Y. H. (2017) · Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2017.12.002 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“One recent multicentre study including 59 patients with a history of non-permanent AF and ILRs indicated that intermittent NOAC administration based on the presence of AF lasting more than 24 hours is feasible.(58)”
BackgroundAre the correct outcomes being measured in studies of oral anticoagulants? A systematic survey
Wang, M., Chen, Z., Wong, M., Thabane, L., Mbuagbaw, L. C. E., Siegal, D. M., Gal, G. L., & Holbrook, A. M. (2021) · Thrombosis Research · doi:10.1016/j.thromres.2021.02.016 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Musat, D. L., Milstein, N. S., Pimienta, J., Bhatt, A. G., Preminger, M. W., Sichrovsky, T., Flynn, L., Pistilli, C., Shaw, R. E., & Mittal, S. (2020) · Cardiovascular Digital Health Journal · doi:10.1016/j.cvdhj.2020.10.003 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“It has been suggested that these patterns may be amenable to a “pill-in-the-pocket” approach to anticoagulation, which could significantly reduce the cumulative exposure to oral anticoagulation in these patients.(21) An interesting finding in this study was the association between diabetes and occurrence of an atrial…”
BackgroundThe Role of Artificial Intelligence in Arrhythmia Monitoring
Siontis, K. C., & Friedman, P. A. (2021) · Cardiac Electrophysiology Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.ccep.2021.04.011 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Lévy, S., Santini, L., Cappato, R., Steinbeck, G., Capucci, A., & Saksena, S. V. (2020) · Journal of Interventional Cardiac Electrophysiology · doi:10.1007/s10840-020-00859-y · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Implantable Loop Recorders—Syncope, Cryptogenic Stroke, Atrial Fibrillation
Mittal, S. (2021) · Cardiac Electrophysiology Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.ccep.2021.04.006 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
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“COM pilot study and showed a 94% reduction in the time on OAC compared to chronic anticoagulation in a study cohort of 59 patients with NVAF and CHADS2 score of 1 or 2 [26].”
Santala, O. E., Lipponen, J. A., Jäntti, H., Rissanen, T. T., Tarvainen, M. P., Väliaho, E., Rantula, O., Naukkarinen, N. S., Hartikainen, J. E. K., Martikainen, T. J., et al. (2023) · Cardiology in Review · doi:10.1097/crd.0000000000000526 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“106,107 However, further randomized studies will be needed to determine whether “pill in your pocket” anticoagulation would represent a viable AF management strategy in the future.”
BackgroundAdasuriya, G., & Haldar, S. (2022) · European Journal of Arrhythmia & Electrophysiology · doi:10.17925/ejae.2022.8.1.7 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Go, A. S., Al‐Khatib, S. M., Desvigne-Nickens, P. M., Bansal, N., Bushnell, C., Fang, M. C., Freeman, J. V., Gage, B. F., Hanke, T., Hylek, E. M., et al. (2023) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.121.038273 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Brienesse, S. C., PASSMAN, R. S., & Freedman, B. (2024) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehad874 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Self-citationThe future of long‐term monitoring after catheter and surgical ablation for atrial fibrillation
Baman, J. R., & PASSMAN, R. S. (2022) · Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology · doi:10.1111/jce.15375 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Self-citationCamm, A. J., & Fox, K. A. A. (2018) · Current Medical Research and Opinion · doi:10.1080/03007995.2018.1467885 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“COM pilot study (NCT01706146) concluded that intermittent anticoagulation with dabigatran, rivaroxaban, or apixaban guided by a continuous AF-sensing implantable cardiac monitor (Reveal XT) with remote data transmission capabilities is feasible [138].”
BackgroundPapakonstantinou, P. Ε., & SIMANTIRAKIS, E. N. (2019) · Minerva Cardioangiologica · doi:10.23736/s0026-4725.19.04883-7 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Varma, N., Cygankiewicz, I., & Turakhia, M. P. (2021) · Russian Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.15829/1560-4071-2021-4420 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
MANSOUR, M. C., Gillen, E. M., Garman, A., Rosemas, S. C., Franco, N. C., Ziegler, P., & Pines, J. M. (2022) · Heart Rhythm O2 · doi:10.1016/j.hroo.2021.12.005 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Stroke Risk Stratification in Atrial Fibrillation: Bridging the Evidence Gaps
Turakhia, M. P., & Estes, N. A. M. (2015) · Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology · doi:10.1111/jce.12891 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Gala, A. R. P. B. E., Sharp, A. J., Pope, M., Leo, M., Varini, R., Paisey, J., Curzen, N. P., Banerjee, A., & Betts, T. R. (2025) · Heart Rhythm · doi:10.1016/j.hrthm.2025.04.015 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“Real‐world” performance of the Confirm Rx™ SharpSense AF detection algorithm: UK Confirm Rx study
Gala, A. R. P. B. E., Pope, M., Leo, M., Sharp, A. J., Banerjee, A., Field, D. C., Thomas, H. E., Balasubramaniam, R., Hunter, R. J., Gardner, R. S., et al. (2024) · Journal of Arrhythmia · doi:10.1002/joa3.13124 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
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Tailored Anticoagulation for Thromboembolic Risk Reduction in Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation
Matos, J. D., Waks, J. W., & ZIMETBAUM, P. J. (2018) · Journal of Innovations in Cardiac Rhythm Management · doi:10.19102/icrm.2018.090404 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citationMamchur, S. E., Ivanitskiy, E. A., Polikutina, O. M., Chichkova, T. Y., Николаевна, М. И., Романова, М. П., & Александрович, Х. Е. (2019) · Сибирский журнал клинической и экспериментальной медицины · doi:10.29001/2073-8552-2019-34-2-47-53 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Long term effect of vasectomy on pituitary-gonadal axis.
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Implantable loop recorders in patients with atrial fibrillation
Sharma, A. N., McIntyre, W. F., Nguyen, S. T., & Baranchuk, A. M. (2022) · Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy · doi:10.1080/14779072.2022.2153673 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“COM pilot study, which randomized 59 patients with nonpermanent AF to cessation of anticoagulation during ILR-detected periods of sinus rhythm without any safety concerns [89].”
BackgroundNuevas estrategias de prevención del ictus tras ablación con catéter de la fibrilación auricular
Ding, W. Y., Calvert, P. A. R., Lip, G. Y. H., & Gupta, D. (2024) · Revista Española de Cardiología · doi:10.1016/j.recesp.2024.02.008 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
When is Device-Detected Atrial Fibrillation Actionable?
Wasserlauf, J., & PASSMAN, R. S. (2018) · Cardiac Electrophysiology Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.ccep.2017.11.007 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citationRecurrence of atrial fibrillation postablation: which is the most effective approach for detection?
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Uso del monitor cardiaco implantable en fibrilación auricular
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Discontinuing Anticoagulation After Catheter Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation
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Novel stroke prevention strategies following catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation
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“33”
Clinical implications of redefining recurrence of atrial fibrillation following catheter ablation
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“17 The ideal solution is a closed loop, with devices informing patients in real-time of AF episodes, to reduce the time between AF detection and initiation of OAC.”
It’s Time to Rethink (and Retrial) Our Framework for Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation
Turakhia, M. P. (2021) · JAMA Cardiology · doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2021.3709 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Can Implantable Cardiac Devices Be Used to Lower Risk of Stroke?
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Self-citationEditorial commentary: Evolving paradigms for stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation
Liang, J. J., & Dixit, S. (2018) · Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.tcm.2018.04.004
Device-guided anticoagulation in atrial fibrillation: Not yet ready for prime time
Cheung, C. C., & Andrade, J. G. (2018) · Heart Rhythm · doi:10.1016/j.hrthm.2018.07.009
Bumgarner, J. M., Lambert, C. T., & Tarakji, K. G. (2018) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2018.07.022
- Authors
- PASSMAN, R., LEONG‐SIT, P., ANDREI, A., HUSKIN, A., TOMSON, T. T., BERNSTEIN, R., ELLIS, E., WAKS, J. W., & ZIMETBAUM, P.
- Affiliations
- Northwestern University (US)
- Western University (CA)
- Northwestern Memorial Hospital (US)
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2015-11-23
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 264-270
- ISSN
- 1045-3873 (ISSN-L)
- 1540-8167
- PMC
- PMC4789135
- OpenAlex
- W1825229520
- Cited by
- 115
- References
- 30
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 8.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- NIH (R34 HL113404-01)
- Medtronic, Inc.
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Atrial Fibrillation Management and Outcomes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac pacing and defibrillation studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Cardiovascular and Diving-Related Complications
- Keywords
- atrial fibrillation, implantable cardiac monitors, continuous rhythm monitoring, direct oral anticoagulants, paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, CHADS2 score, stroke prevention, bleeding complications, time on therapy
- MeSH terms
- Administration, Oral, Aged, Anticoagulants, Atrial Fibrillation, Electrodes, Implanted, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Pilot Projects, Prospective Studies, Electrocardiography, Ambulatory, Drug Delivery Systems
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