The impact of experimental sleep restriction on affective functioning in social and nonsocial contexts among adolescents
Open accessAbstract
Background: Short sleep duration is highly prevalent in adolescence, and it prospectively predicts problems with emotional adjustment and psychiatric health. To move beyond epidemiological associations and inform models of developmental psychopathology, we experimentally restricted sleep to observe impacts on affective functioning. Based on the importance of social contexts to adolescent emotional experiences, we also examined the impact of restricted sleep on socioaffective functioning in an ecologically valid peer interaction task. Methods: In Study 1, adolescents (ages 11.5–15.0, n = 48) were randomly assigned to two nights of polysomnography‐monitored sleep restriction (4 hr in bed) or extension (10 hr in bed). One week later, they completed the other sleep manipulation. Affective functioning was assessed by self‐report and pupil response to standardized affective sounds. Study 2 used a similar protocol and invited adolescents (ages 12–15.0, n = 16) to the sleep laboratory along with 2–4 friends to observe affective behavior in a social context primed for peer conflict. Mixed effects models were used to evaluate the effect of sleep condition on affective outcomes. Results: Study 1 demonstrated increased negative affect following sleep restriction, relative to extension, on self‐report ( p = .02) and pupil measures ( p = .01). Study 2 replicated these effects (both p = .04) and demonstrated greater negative affective behavior in a peer social context ( p = .01). Exploratory analyses for positive affect showed reductions as assessed by self‐report ( p = .005), but not pupil ( p = .81), in Study 1; and no significant effects in Study 2 (self‐report, p = .14; pupil, p = .29; positive affective behavior, p = .43). Conclusions: Experimental sleep restriction in adolescence impacts negative affective functioning as evidenced by self‐report and pupil reactivity, as well as observed behavior in a social context primed for peer conflict. Implications for the impact of short sleep on developmental trajectories of emotional adjustment and psychiatric health, and opportunities for early intervention, are briefly discussed.
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A sleep-deprivation study found that it led adolescents to show negative affect, conflict, withdrawal, and dominance during a social conflict task.
“In line with this possibility, a study using a sleep-deprivation paradigm found it to lead adolescents to behave in ways characterized by negative affect, conflict, withdrawal, and dominance during a social conflict task (McMakin et al., 2016).”
From Sleep and suicide: A systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies (2020) · cites this paper as McMakin et al., 2016
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- Authors
- McMakin, D. L., Dahl, R. E., Buysse, D. J., Cousins, J. C., Forbes, E. E., Silk, J. S., Siegle, G. J., & Franzen, P. L.
- Affiliations
- Florida International University (US)
- University of California, Berkeley (US)
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- Corresponding author
- Franzen, Peter L.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2016-06-15
- Volume
- 57
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 1027-1037
- ISSN
- 0021-9630 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-7610
- OpenAlex
- W2426080599
- Semantic Scholar
- 95ae30a742aec0c8152768c350c9e25902af83ab
- Cited by
- 105
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 2
- FWCI
- 16.13
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- escholarship.org
- Locations
- Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (R01 DA033064, K01 MH077106, K23MH092400, T32 HD049354, UL1 RR024153, UL1TR000005)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Keywords
- sleep restriction, sleep duration, adolescents, negative affect, positive affect, pupil reactivity, emotional behavior, peer conflict, social environment, emotional adjustment, sleep deprivation, developmental psychopathology
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior, Affect, Child, Conflict, Psychological, Female, Humans, Male, Peer Group, Sleep Deprivation, Social Behavior
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