Childhood maltreatment, neuropsychological function and suicidal behavior
Abstract
Background: Suicide is the second leading cause of death in young people. Childhood maltreatment, neuropsychological dysfunction and psychopathology have each been shown to increase risk for suicidal behavior. However, few studies have examined their interactions and the effects of those interactions on suicidal behavior. Methods: Across two sites, a total of 382 offspring of depressed parents underwent neuropsychological assessments. This high‐risk sample included nearly equal numbers of males and females. Average age at the time of neuropsychological assessment was 18.5 years. The most prevalent lifetime psychiatric disorders were mood (43%), anxiety (37%) and alcohol and substance use disorders (21%). Childhood maltreatment was reported by 44% of offspring. Participants underwent extensive neuropsychological testing assessing the following domains: attention, memory, executive function, working memory, language fluency, and impulse control. Logistic regression was used to examine the association of reported childhood maltreatment, neuropsychological functioning, psychopathology and their interactions with suicidal behavior. Bonferroni correction was used to adjust for multiple comparisons. Results: Maltreatment was associated with increased risk of suicidal behavior with odds ratios ranging between 2.40 and 4.43. Moderation analyses found that adaptive neuropsychological functioning was not protective against childhood maltreatment's effect on suicidal risk. While lifetime history of mood disorder was strongly associated with suicidal behavior, higher scores in working memory ( OR = 0.21; 95% CI = 0.09, 0.45; p < .001) and executive function ( OR = 0.15; 95% CI = 0.05, 0.43; p < .001) were protective against suicidal behavior even in the presence of a lifetime history of mood disorder. Conclusions: Further research is needed to determine how neuropsychological capacity protects depressed patients against the risk of suicidal behavior.
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On average, suicide attempters exhibit less cognitive flexibility, more impulsivity, and worse memory and attention than non-attempters.
“The bulk of the initial literature focused on traditional cognitive measures, including the Iowa Gambling Task, the Stroop, the Go/No-Go, or the Wisconsin Card Sorting Task; results indicated that, on average, suicide attempters exhibit less cognitive flexibility, more impulsivity, and worse memory and attention than non-attempters (50–52).”
From New methods for assessing rapid changes in suicide risk (2021) · cites this paper as [52]
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- Authors
- Zelazny, J., Melhem, N., Porta, G., Biernesser, C., Keilp, J. G., Mann, J. J., Oquendo, M. A., Stanley, B., & Brent, D. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- New York State Psychiatric Institute (US)
- University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA
- New York State Psychiatric Institute Columbia University New York NY USA
- Corresponding author
- Zelazny, Jamie
- Venue
- Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2019-07-24
- Volume
- 60
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 1085-1093
- ISSN
- 0021-9630 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-7610
- OpenAlex
- W2963894433
- Cited by
- 45
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 3
- FWCI
- 7.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH056390, MH056612)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Homicide, Infanticide, and Child Abuse
- Keywords
- child abuse, suicidal behavior, neuropsychological performance, working memory, executive function, mood disorders, parental depression, protective factors, adolescents, psychopathology
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Alcoholism, Anxiety Disorders, Child Abuse, Depression, Female, Humans, Male, Mental Processes, Suicide, Attempted, Child of Impaired Parents, Mood Disorders, Substance-Related Disorders, Young Adult
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