Putative Cut‐Points in Sarcopenia Components and Incident Adverse Health Outcomes: An SDOC Analysis
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVES: Analyses performed by the Sarcopenia Definitions and Outcomes Consortium (SDOC) identified cut‐points in several metrics of grip strength for consideration in a definition of sarcopenia. We describe the associations between the SDOC‐identified metrics of low grip strength (absolute or standardized to body size/composition); low dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) lean mass as previously defined in the literature (appendicular lean mass [ALM]/ht 2 ); and slowness (walking speed <.8 m/s) with subsequent adverse outcomes (falls, hip fractures, mobility limitation, and mortality). DESIGN: Individual‐level, sex‐stratified pooled analysis. We calculated odds ratios (ORs) or hazard ratios (HRs) for incident falls, mobility limitation, hip fractures, and mortality. Follow‐up time ranged from 1 year for falls to 8.8 ± 2.3 years for mortality. SETTING: Eight prospective observational cohort studies. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 13,421 community‐dwelling men and 4,828 community‐dwelling women. MEASUREMENTS Grip strength by hand dynamometry, gait speed, and lean mass by DXA. RESULTS: Low grip strength (absolute or standardized to body size/composition) was associated with incident outcomes, usually independently of slowness, in both men and women. ORs and HRs generally ranged from 1.2 to 3.0 for those below vs above the cut‐point. DXA lean mass was not consistently associated with these outcomes. When considered together, those who had both muscle weakness by absolute grip strength (<35.5 kg in men and <20 kg in women) and slowness were consistently more likely to have a fall, hip fracture, mobility limitation, or die than those without either slowness or muscle weakness. CONCLUSION: Older men and women with both muscle weakness and slowness have a higher likelihood of adverse health outcomes. These results support the inclusion of grip strength and walking speed as components in a summary definition of sarcopenia. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:1429‐1437, 2020.
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The reason for the shift in focus is heterogeneity in the association of lean mass with mortality, muscle function, and mobility limitations.
“The reason for the shift in focus is the aforementioned heterogeneity in the association of lean mass with mortality, muscle function, and mobility limitations.[48][49][50][51][52]”
From Changes in lean body mass with <scp>glucagon‐like peptide</scp> ‐1‐based therapies and mitigation strategies (2024) · cites this paper as [52]
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- Authors
- Cawthon, P. M., Manini, T., Patel, S. M., Newman, A., Travison, T., Kiel, D. P., Santanasto, A. J., Ensrud, K. E., Xue, Q., Shardell, M., Duchowny, K., Erlandson, K. M., Pencina, K. M., Fielding, R. A., Magaziner, J., Kwok, T., Karlsson, M., Ohlsson, C., Mellström, D., Hirani, V., Ribom, E., Correa‐de‐Araujo, R., & Bhasin, S.
- Affiliations
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- University of Florida (US)
- California Pacific Medical Center (US)
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (US)
- University of Minnesota (US)
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- National Institute on Aging (US)
- University of Colorado Anschutz (US)
- Tufts University (US)
- University of Maryland, Baltimore (US)
- Chinese University of Hong Kong (HK)
- Lund University (SE)
- University of Gothenburg (SE)
- The University of Sydney (AU)
- Uppsala University (SE)
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- Corresponding author
- Cawthon, Peggy M.
- ORCID
- Cawthon, Peggy M.
- Manini, Todd
- Newman, Anne
- Travison, Thomas
- Kiel, Douglas P.
- Santanasto, Adam J.
- Ensrud, Kristine E.
- Xue, Qian‐Li
- Shardell, Michelle
- Duchowny, Kate
- Erlandson, Kristine M.
- Pencina, Karol M.
- Fielding, Roger A.
- Kwok, Timothy
- Karlsson, Magnus
- Ohlsson, Claes
- Mellström, Dan
- Hirani, Vasant
- Ribom, Eva
- Bhasin, Shalender
- Venue
- Journal of the American Geriatrics Society
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2020-07
- Volume
- 68
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 1429-1437
- ISSN
- 0002-8614 (ISSN-L)
- 1532-5415
- PMC
- PMC7508260
- OpenAlex
- W3040923729
- Cited by
- 231
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 31 · 2025: 43 · 2024: 39 · 2023: 44 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 40 · 2020: 12
- FWCI
- 17.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of the American Geriatrics Society (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Lund University Publications (Lund University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (BHAS16SARC2, CAWT16SARC2, R01 AR049439‐01A1)
- National Institute on Aging (AG51421, R01AR057118, U24AG051129, R01 AR 41398, R01AG023629, N01AG62106, N01AG62103, N01AG62101, R01 AG027576, R01 AG027574, R01 AG005394, R01AR35584, R01 AR35583, R01 AR35582, R01 AG005407)
- National Institutes of Health (K01 AG057726, R01 AG054366, K23 AG050260)
- Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (480‐10‐014)
- National Health and Medical Research Council (301916)
- Association of Schools of Public Health (S3486, S043, S1734)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (N01‐HC‐25195, U01HL130114, U01HL080295, N01HC85086, N01HC85083, N01HC85082, N01HC85081, N01HC85080, N01HC85079, N01HC55222, HHSN268201800001C, HHSN268200800007C, HHSN268201200036C)
- Vetenskapsrådet (2006‐3832)
- Chinese University of Hong Kong (2041657)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Frailty in Older Adults
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Body Composition Measurement Techniques
- Keywords
- sarcopenia, grip strength, walking speed, appendicular lean mass, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, falls, hip fracture, mobility limitations, mortality, cut points, muscle weakness, older adults, sex differences
- MeSH terms
- Accidental Falls, Walking Speed, Aged, Body Composition, Female, Hip Fractures, Humans, Male, Prospective Studies, Absorptiometry, Photon, Body Mass Index, Hand Strength, Muscle Weakness, Consensus, Mobility Limitation, Muscle Strength, Sarcopenia, Independent Living
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