Improving executive function using transcranial infrared laser stimulation

Blanco, Nathaniel J.; Maddox, W. Todd; Gonzalez‐Lima, Francisco

doi:10.1111/jnp.12074

Cited by 179Laser Applications in Dentistry and MedicineTranscranial Magnetic Stimulation StudiesPhotodynamic Therapy Research Studies

Improving executive function using transcranial infrared laser stimulation

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Blanco, Nathaniel J., Maddox, W. Todd, Gonzalez‐Lima, Francisco·2017·Journal of Neuropsychology

DOI 10.1111/jnp.12074PMC PMC4662930

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Abstract

Transcranial infrared laser stimulation is a new non‐invasive form of low‐level light therapy that may have a wide range of neuropsychological applications. It entails using low‐power and high‐energy‐density infrared light from lasers to increase metabolic energy. Preclinical work showed that this intervention can increase cortical metabolic energy, thereby improving frontal cortex‐based memory function in rats. Barrett and Gonzalez‐Lima (2013, Neuroscience, 230 , 13) discovered that transcranial laser stimulation can enhance sustained attention and short‐term memory in humans. We extend this line of work to executive function. Specifically, we ask whether transcranial laser stimulation enhances performance in the Wisconsin Card Sorting Task that is considered the gold standard of executive function and is compromised in normal ageing and a number of neuropsychological disorders. We used a laser of a specific wavelength (1,064 nm) that photostimulates cytochrome oxidase – the enzyme catalysing oxygen consumption for metabolic energy production. Increased cytochrome oxidase activity is considered the primary mechanism of action of this intervention. Participants who received laser treatment made fewer errors and showed improved set‐shifting ability relative to placebo controls. These results suggest that transcranial laser stimulation improves executive function and may have exciting potential for treating or preventing deficits resulting from neuropsychological disorders or normal ageing.

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Authors: Blanco, N. J., Maddox, W. T., & Gonzalez‐Lima, F.
Affiliations: The University of Texas at Austin (US)
Department of Psychology The University of Texas at Austin Texas USA
ORCID: Blanco, Nathaniel J.
Maddox, W. Todd
Venue: Journal of Neuropsychology
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2015-05-28
Volume: 11
Issue: 1
Pages: 14-25
ISSN: 1748-6645 (ISSN-L)
1748-6653
DOI: 10.1111/jnp.12074
PMC: PMC4662930
OpenAlex: W2118178033
Cited by: 179
References: 51
Citations by year: 2026: 14 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 8
FWCI: 8.92
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations: Journal of Neuropsychology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: College of Liberals Arts of the University of Texas
National Institute on Drug Abuse at the National Institute of Health (DA032457, DA032457-01A1S1)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Laser Applications in Dentistry and Medicine
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Photodynamic Therapy Research Studies
Keywords: low-level laser therapy, executive function, cytochrome c oxidase, set-shifting, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, sustained attention, short-term memory, normal aging, neuropsychological disorders
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation, Electroencephalography, Female, Frontal Lobe, Humans, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Single-Blind Method, Prefrontal Cortex, Low-Level Light Therapy, Young Adult, Executive Function

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Improving executive function using transcranial infrared laser stimulation

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