Cognitive Inflexibility Among Ruminators and Nonruminators
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Executive function deficits have been associated with higher levels of rumination, and greater executive function deficits in depressed individuals have been associated with higher rumination.
“EF deficits have been associated with higher levels of rumination and greater EF deficits in individuals with depression have been associated with higher levels of rumination (Davis and Nolen-Hoeksema 2000; Joormann and Gotlib 2008).”
From Executive Function Deficits in Daily Life Prospectively Predict Increases in Depressive Symptoms (2014) · cites this paper as Davis and Nolen-Hoeksema 2000
Ruminators kept using the old sorting rule despite feedback that their matches were wrong, suggesting reduced cognitive flexibility.
“Ruminators persisted in performing the task according to the old rule despite receiving feedback that their matches were incorrect, suggesting a lack of cognitive flexibility.”
From Understanding depressive rumination from a cognitive science perspective: The impaired disengagement hypothesis (2011) · cites this paper as Davis & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2000
In that study, ruminators did not differ from non-ruminators on other working memory or task-switching measures.
“In this study, ruminators did not differ from nonruminators on other measures of working memory or task switching, such as a backward digit span.”
From Understanding depressive rumination from a cognitive science perspective: The impaired disengagement hypothesis (2011) · cites this paper as Davis & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2000
Ruminators made more perseverative errors than non-ruminators on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Task.
“An early study by Davis and Nolen-Hoeksema (2000) showed that ruminators versus non-ruminators committed more perserverative errors on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Task.”
From Understanding depressive rumination from a cognitive science perspective: The impaired disengagement hypothesis (2011) · cites this paper as Davis & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2000
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Nolen-Hoeksema, S., Wisco, B. E., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2008) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1745-6924.2008.00088.x · Cited by 5,172 · see citing works
“We found that people who score high on our self-report scale of rumination show more perseverative errors on the Wisconsin Card Sort Task than do people who score low on rumination, even after controlling for group differences in levels of depression (Davis & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2000).”
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“Davis & Nolen-Hoeksema (2000) reported that ruminators made more errors on the WCST than did nonruminators.”
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“For example, Davis and Nolen-Hoeksema (2000) used the Wisconsin Card Sorting Task and found that, compared to non-ruminators, ruminators made more perseverative errors, regardless of their level of depressive symptomatology.”
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“In particular, we expected sleep (Fawcett et al. 1990; Durmer & Dinges, 2005; Ferentinos et al. 2009) and concentration (Davis & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2000; Joormann & Gotlib, 2008; Stefanopoulou et al. 2014) to link other symptoms of depression and anxiety symptoms.”
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“Davis and Nolen-Hoeksema (2000) showed that people with high ruminative tendencies committed more perseverative errors in the Wisconsin Card Sorting Task.”
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“An early study by Davis and Nolen-Hoeksema (2000) showed that ruminators versus non-ruminators committed more perserverative errors on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Task.”
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“Attention switching. Research into attention switching, or set-shifting, has historically employed card-sorting ( Davis & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2000; Moritz et al., 2002), trailmaking (Paradisio, Lamberty, Garvey, & Robinson, 1997), dichotic listening (Hughdahl et al., 2003), Stroop (Schatzberg et al., 2000) and dot-probe (…”
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“This attentional pattern is known to exacerbate problems such as trauma (Holman & Silver, 1998), rumination (Davis & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2000), and pain (Schutze et al., 2010) among others.”
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“…studies suggest ruminators are ineffective in active, interpersonal problem-solving and show an inflexible, perseverative cognitive style on a traditional neuropsychological test of novel problem solving (Davis & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2000; Lyubomirsky & Nolen-Hoeksema, 1995; Watkins & Baracaia, 2002).”
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“For example, even after controlling for group differences in depressive symptomatology, Davis and Nolen-Hoeksema (2000) found that trait ruminators were less likely than were nonruminators to be influenced to by negative feedback and more likely to continue to use a no-longer-correct rule to sort cards in the Wisconsi…”
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“…of depression, the more an individual depressively ruminates, the more likely he or she is to perseverate on theWisconsin Card Sorting Task (Davis &NolenHoeksema, 2000), These findings have led to the hypothesis that ruminators exhibit ‘‘attentional inflexibility’’ (Davis & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2000).”
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“Davis and Nolen-Hoeksema (2000) reported that ruminators made more errors on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test than did nonruminators.”
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“For example, ruminators can switch their attention between nonemotional stimuli if explicitly told to do so (e.g., in a task switching paradigm Whitmer and Banich, 2007) but not if they have to learn on their own from negative feedback that a switch is needed (e.g., WCST; Davis and Nolen-Hoeksema, 2000).”
BackgroundInfluentialMiranda, R., & Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (2007) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2007.07.015 · Cited by 344 · see citing works
“In addition, past research suggests that rumination is characterized by an inflexible and perseverative cognitive style (Davis & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2000; Watkins & Brown, 2002) that can interfere with effective problem solving (Lyubomirsky & Nolen-Hoeksema, 1995; Watkins & Baracaia, 2002) and mood…”
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“Future studies would benefit from using more direct, nonaffective, measures of perseverative cognition (e.g., Wisconsin Card Sorting Test; see Davis & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2000) as well as exploring how other forms of rumination are related to affective inflexibility.”
BackgroundGabrys, R. L., Tabri, N., Anisman, H., & Matheson, K. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02219 · Cited by 281 · see citing works
“, 2016), and how disturbances of these abilities might be linked to depressive illness (Davis and Nolen-Hoeksema, 2000; Koster et al., 2011).”
BackgroundDysphoric Rumination Impairs Concentration on Academic Tasks
Lyubomirsky, S., Kasri, F., & Zehm, K. (2003) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1023/a:1023918517378 · Cited by 278 · see citing works
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“Davis and Nolen-Hoeksema (2000) reported that ruminators made more errors on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) than did non-ruminators.”
BackgroundCognitive aspects of depression
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“…much work has focused on the important role of prefrontal cortex (PFC) for emotion processing and emotion regulation(Banich et al., 2009; Beckwé et al., 2014; Bernblum & Mor, 2010; Davis & Nolen-hoeksema, 2000; Goodkind et al., 2015; Kahl, Winter, & Schweiger, 2012; Ochsner et al., 2004).”
BackgroundCan’t Quite Commit: Rumination and Uncertainty
Ward, A., Lyubomirsky, S., Sousa, L., & Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (2003) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167202238375 · Cited by 243 · see citing works
“In particular, based on a number of relevant findings (e.g., Davis & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2000; Lyubomirsky et al., 1998; Lyubomirsky & Nolen-Hoeksema, 1995), it seemed likely that ruminators’ memories of past failures and gloomy predictions for the future, coupled with a cognitive tendency to perseverate, may all contribu…”
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“…to dysphoric mood that is characterized by recurrent thoughts focusing on the causes, symptoms, and implications of one’s depressive mood (Nolen-Hoeksema, 1991), was found to be related to attentional inflexibility (Davis & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2000) and inhibitory deficits (Whitmer & Banich, 2007).”
BackgroundExecutive functions, self-regulation, and chronic pain: a review
Solberg Nes, L., Roach, A. R., & Segerstrom, S. C. (2009) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12160-009-9096-5 · Cited by 242 · see citing works
“, the Wisconsin card sorting task) than those who do not [44, 45].”
BackgroundThe Assessment of Psychological Strain in Work Contexts
Mohr, G., Müller, A., Rigotti, T., Aycan, Z., & Tschan, F. (2006) · European Journal of Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1027/1015-5759.22.3.198 · Cited by 236 · see citing works
“…intensify negative emotions (e.g., Lyubomirsky & Nolen-Hoeksema, 1993, 1995; Nolen-Hoeksema, McBride, & Larson, 1997) and can cause impairments in cognitive abilities as well as in cognitive flexibility (e.g., Beckmann, 1994; Davis & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2000; Lyubomirsky, Kasri, & Zehm, 2003).”
BackgroundIndividual differences in trait rumination and the neural systems supporting cognitive reappraisal
RAY, R. D., OCHSNER, K. N., COOPER, J. C., ROBERTSON, E. R., GABRIELI, J. D. E., & GROSS, J. J. (2005) · Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3758/cabn.5.2.156 · Cited by 316 · see citing works
“This interpretation runs counter to the findings of Davis and Nolen-Hoeksema (2000), who have found that depressive ruminators show an inflexible cognitive style in the Wisconsin Card Sort Test.”
ResultThe Consequences of Dysphoric Rumination
Lyubomirsky, S., & Tkach, C. (2008) · doi:10.1002/9780470713853.ch2 · Cited by 259 · see citing works
“…study found that individuals with a ruminative style made more perseverative errors on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, a task that requires cognitive flexibility and set shifting, and took more time on a measure of psychomotor speed, than did nonruminators (R. N. Davis & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2000).”
Joormann, J. (2006) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-006-9035-8 · Cited by 229 · see citing works
“…suggests that perseveration and cognitive inflexibility are closely linked to rumination and provides an important first step towards investigating the relationship between underlying cognitive processes and rumination, Davis and Nolen-Hoeksema (2000) did not measure inhibitory processes directly.”
InfluentialA lifespan view of anxiety disorders
Lenze, E. J., & Wetherell, J. L. (2011) · Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.31887/dcns.2011.13.4/elenze · Cited by 227 · see citing works
An exploration of shame, social rank and rumination in relation to depression
Cheung, M., Gilbert, P., & Irons, C. (2003) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/s0191-8869(03)00206-x · Cited by 228 · see citing works
“…thoughts (rumination) about one’s symptoms, and the causes and consequences of those symptoms, interfere with adaptive problem-solving and enhance negative thinking (Davis & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2000; Nolen-Hoeksema, 1991; Nolen-Hoeksema & Davis, 1999; Nolen-Hoeksema, Grayson, & Larson, 1999).”
BackgroundWeb-based administration of a personality questionnaire: Comparison with traditional methods
Davis, R. N. (1999) · Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers · doi:10.3758/bf03200737 · Cited by 220 · see citing works
Self-citationTherapeutic horticulture in clinical depression: a prospective study of active components
Gonzalez, M. T., Hartig, T., Patil, G. G., Martinsen, E. W., & Kirkevold, M. (2010) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2648.2010.05383.x · Cited by 215 · see citing works
Individual Differences in Executive Functioning: Implications for Stress Regulation
Williams, P., Suchy, Y., & Rau, H. (2009) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12160-009-9100-0 · Cited by 216 · see citing works
“Depressive rumination is associated with deficits in inhibiting prior mental sets on the WCST [177] and a switching task [178].”
BackgroundJoormann, J., Levens, S. M., & Gotlib, I. H. (2011) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797611415539 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
“…in working memory (WM), a system that provides temporary access to a select set of representations in the service of current cognitive processes (Cowan, 1999; Miyake & Shah, 1999), underlie ruminative responses in depression (Davis & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2000; Joormann, 2010; Joormann & Gotlib, 2008).”
BackgroundTime perception, emotions and mood disorders
Droit‐Volet, S. (2013) · Journal of Physiology-Paris · doi:10.1016/j.jphysparis.2013.03.005 · Cited by 217 · see citing works
The Role of Thought Suppression in Depressive Rumination
Wenzlaff, R. M., & Luxton, D. D. (2003) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1023/a:1023966400540 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
“The RS has good reliability and acceptable convergent and predictive validity ( Davis & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2000 ).”
InfluentialMorris, L., & Mansell, W. (2018) · Journal of Experimental Psychopathology · doi:10.1177/2043808718779431 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
De Lissnyder, E., Koster, E. H. W., Derakshan, N., & De Raedt, R. (2010) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699930903378354 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
“The absence of valence-specific shifting impairments is in line with previous research showing shifting impairments in the context of non-emotional material (Davis & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2000; Whitmer & Banich, 2007).”
BackgroundResultVaus, J. D., Hornsey, M. J., Kuppens, P., & Bastian, B. B. (2017) · Personality and Social Psychology Review · doi:10.1177/1088868317736222 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Why We Sing the Blues: The Relation Between Self-Reflective Rumination, Mood, and Creativity.
Verhaeghen, P., Joormann, J., & Khan, R. (2005) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/1528-3542.5.2.226 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
“For instance, in a recent study, Davis and Nolen-Hoeksema (2000) showed that dysphoric ruminators cannot inhibit off-goal thoughts and fail to maintain productive lines of reasoning.”
BackgroundRumination and Eating Disorder Psychopathology: A Meta-Analysis
Smith, K. E., Mason, T. B., & Lavender, J. M. (2018) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2018.03.004 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
The relationships between rumination and core executive functions: A meta‐analysis
Yang, Y.-K., Cao, S.-F., Shields, G. S., Teng, Z.-J., & Liu, Y.-L. (2017) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.22539 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
“…significant negative correlations between working memory or setshifting and rumination (Altamirano, Miyake, & Whitmer, 2010; Bernblum & Mor, 2010; Davis & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2000; De Lissnyder, Koster, Derakshan & De Raedt, 2010, 2012; Dickson, 2015; Foxworth, 2014; Wagner, Alloy, & Abramson, 2015;…”
Inflexibility as a Vulnerability to Depression: A Systematic Qualitative Review
Stange, J. P., Alloy, L. B., & Fresco, D. M. (2017) · Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice · doi:10.1111/cpsp.12201 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
“…to greater insensitivity to contextual demands (e.g., impeding awareness of the punishing effects of rumination) and therefore inhibiting flexibility of cognition, affect, and behavior (e.g., Connolly et al., 2014; Davis & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2000; Koster et al., 2011; Whitmer & Gotlib, 2012, 2013).”
Improving executive function using transcranial infrared laser stimulation
Blanco, N. J., Maddox, W. T., & Gonzalez‐Lima, F. (2017) · Journal of Neuropsychology · doi:10.1111/jnp.12074 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
“…function is an important aspect of cognition that is compromised in a number of neuropsychological disorders such as depression (Channon, 1996; Davis & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2000; Harvey et al., 2004), schizophrenia (Berman et al., 1995; Daniel et al., 1991; Egan et al., 2001; Monchi et al., 2004),…”
Emotion modulates cognitive flexibility in patients with major depression
Murphy, F. C., Michael, A., & Sahakian, B. J. (2011) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291711002418 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
“…with depression (Ingram, 1990; Nolen-Hoeksema, 1991 ; APA, 1994) may be characterized, and perhaps even prolonged, by an inflexible cognitive style or an inability to inhibit prior mental sets (Davis & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2000 ; Whitmer & Banich, 2007 ; de Lissnyder et al. 2010 ; Koster et al. 2011).”
BackgroundFeeling recovered and thinking about the good sides of one’s work.
Binnewies, C., Sonnentag, S., & Mojza, E. J. (2009) · Journal of Occupational Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0014933 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Cognitive control moderates the association between stress and rumination
Lissnyder, E. D., Koster, E. H. W., Goubert, L., Onraedt, T., Vanderhasselt, M., & Raedt, R. D. (2011) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2011.07.004 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Predicting psychological distress in college students: The role of rumination and stress
Morrison, R., & O’Connor, R. C. (2005) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.20021 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
“The Response Styles Questionnaire—Short Form (Short RSQ; Davis & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2000; Nolen-Hoeksema, personal communication) measured partici-pants’ruminative tendencies in negative situations (e.g., “I think about how alone I feel”).”
MethodMiranda, R., Gallagher, M., Bauchner, B., Vaysman, R., & Marroquín, B. (2012) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.20915 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
“The WCST has been used previously as a measure of cognitive inflexibility and has been found to distinguish dysphoric from nondysphoric individuals,[9] and also individuals high in rumination from those low in rumination.[20] ANXIETY AND MOOD DISORDER DIAGNOSES AND DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS.”
BackgroundExecutive function and suicidality: A systematic qualitative review
Bredemeier, K., & Miller, I. W. (2015) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2015.06.005 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
“…tendencies might themselves reflect persistent EF deficits (and perhaps specifically, shifting deficits; e.g., see Bredemeier et al., 2011, Davis & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2000, and De Lissnyder et al., 2012) and promote/exacerbate suicidal thinking (see Miranda et al., 2007, 2013 and Marzuk et…”
BackgroundÓlafsson, R. P., Smári, J., Guðmundsdóttir, F., Ólafsdóttir, G., Harðardóttir, H. L., & Einarsson, S. M. (2011) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.03.013 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
“…would be consistent with considerable research evidence showing that depressed affect is related to a compromised shifting or switching abilities on executive control tasks (Channon, 1996; Davis & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2000; Grant, Thase, & Sweeney, 2001; Merriam, Thase, Haas, Keshavan, & Sweeney, 1999).”
BackgroundNegative emotional experiences arouse rumination and affect working memory capacity.
Curci, A., Lanciano, T., Soleti, E., & Rimé, B. (2013) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/a0032492 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Surrence, K., Miranda, R., Marroquín, B. M., & Chan, S. (2009) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2009.06.001 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
“The negative effects of reflection may stem not only from an overly abstract level of cognition (Watkins, 2008), but also from rumination’s impact on executive processing and cognitive flexibility (e.g., Davis & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2000; Lyubomirsky & Nolen-Hoeksema, 1993; 1995; Watkins & Brown, 2002).”
What it takes to forgive: When and why executive functioning facilitates forgiveness.
Pronk, T., Karremans, J. C., Overbeek, G. J., Vermulst, A. A., & Wigboldus, D. H. J. (2010) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0017875 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Fung, J., Kim, J. J., Jin, J., Chen, G., Bear, L., & Lau, A. S. (2019) · Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology · doi:10.1007/s10802-018-0425-7 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Induced rumination dampens executive processes in dysphoric young adults
Philippot, P., & Brutoux, F. (2007) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2007.07.001 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Iordan, A. D., Dolcos, S., & Dolcos, F. (2013) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2013.00200 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
“For example, clinical research has linked increased susceptibility to recollecting negative events with both symptom severity and cognitive impairment in emotional disorders such as depression and PTSD (e.g., Davis and Nolen-Hoeksema, 2000; Rubin et al., 2008).”
Flexibility as the key for somatic health: From mind wandering to perseverative cognition
Ottaviani, C., Shapiro, D., & Couyoumdjian, A. (2013) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2013.05.003 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
“On the other hand, there are studies showing that the tendency to experience PC is associated with reductions in objectively assessed cognitive flexibility (Davis & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2000).”
BackgroundEffective regulation of affect: An action control perspective on emotion regulation
Webb, T. L., Schweiger Gallo, I., Miles, E., Gollwitzer, P. M., & Sheeran, P. (2012) · European Review of Social Psychology · doi:10.1080/10463283.2012.718134 · Cited by 216 · see citing works
Worrying and rumination are both associated with reduced cognitive control
Beckwé, M., Deroost, N., Koster, E. H. W., Lissnyder, E. D., & Raedt, R. D. (2013) · Psychological Research · doi:10.1007/s00426-013-0517-5 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
“Other studies have shown a positive correlation between the tendency to ruminate and the number of perseverative errors on shifting tasks using non-emotional material (Davis & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2000; Whitmer & Banich, 2007).”
BackgroundResultMemory for Emotional and Nonemotional Events in Depression
Hertel, P. T. (2004) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195158564.003.0006 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
“Furthermore, by statistically controlling for correlations with BDI scores, Davis and Nolen-Hoeksema (2000) found WCST differences associated with the tendency to ruminate.”
MethodA state space analysis of emotion and flexibility in parent-child interactions.
Hollenstein, T., & Lewis, M. D. (2006) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/1528-3542.6.4.656 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
“In these paradigms, positive emotion reduces perseveration (Dreisbach & Groschke, 2004) while negative emotional states reduce the tendency to give up unsuccessful cognitive strategies (Davis & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2000; Gasper, 2003).”
BackgroundBrewer, J. A., Bowen, S., Smith, J. T., Marlatt, G. A., & Potenza, M. N. (2010) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2009.02890.x · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Altamirano, L. J., Miyake, A., & Whitmer, A. J. (2010) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797610381505 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
“Together with the notion that recurring ruminative thoughts may be a manifestation of general mental inflexibility in trait ruminators (Davis & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2000; Whitmer & Banich, 2007), the current results highlight the importance of not equating the effects of experimentally induced…”
BackgroundInfluentialDeveney, C. M., & Deldin, P. J. (2006) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/1528-3542.6.3.429 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Cognitive inflexibility and suicidal ideation: Mediating role of brooding and hopelessness
Miranda, R., Valderrama, J., Tsypes, A., Gadol, E., & Gallagher, M. (2013) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2013.02.033 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
“Davis and Nolen-Hoeksema (2000) found that individuals who scored high on trait rumination showed more cognitive inflexibility, exhibited by greater perseverative errors on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (Heaton et al., 1993), compared to individuals who scored low on trait rumination.”
BackgroundInfluentialInhibition, Rumination, and Mood Regulation in Depression
Joormann, J. (2005) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511720413.012 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Perini, S., Abbott, M. J., & Rapee, R. (2006) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-006-9023-z · Cited by 127 · see citing works
“This scale is often extracted from the RSQ for use in studies relating to rumination (e.g., Davis & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2000; Papageorgiou & Wells, 2003; Watkins & Baracaia, 2002)).”
MethodHan, G., Helm, J. L., Iucha, C., Zahn‐Waxler, C., Hastings, P. D., & Klimes‐Dougan, B. (2015) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374416.2015.1041592 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
“…disengaging from a previously established conceptual frame can be viewed as a form of rigid rule reiteration (Zelazo et al., 2008), possibly leading to cognitive styles that are characteristic of individuals with depressive and anxiety problems (Britton et al., 2010; Davis & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2000).”
BackgroundForgeard, M. J. C. (2013) · Psychology of Aesthetics Creativity and the Arts · doi:10.1037/a0031223 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Raman, J., Smith, E., & Hay, P. (2013) · Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1155/2013/240128 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
“For example (see 1a in Figure 1), there is an ample evidence that depressive disorders are associated with deficits in attentional functions, executive control, lowered cognitive flexibility [87], verbal learning, memory [88], and interpretation biases [89–92].”
BackgroundHoorelbeke, K., Koster, E. H. W., Vanderhasselt, M., Callewaert, S., & Demeyer, I. (2015) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.03.010 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
“Cross-sectional (Davis & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2000; Joormann, 2006; Joormann & Gotlib, 2010) as well as prospective studies (Connolly et al., 2014; Demeyer, De Lissnyder, Koster, & De Raedt, 2012; Zetsche & Joormann, 2011) have consistently linked rumination to impaired cognitive control (for a review,…”
BackgroundUrban adolescent stress and hopelessness
Landis, D., Gaylord‐Harden, N. K., Malinowski, S. L., Grant, K. E., Carleton, R. A., & Ford, R. E. (2007) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2007.02.001 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Miranda, R., Tsypes, A., Gallagher, M., & Rajappa, K. (2013) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-013-9524-5 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Expressive writing buffers against maladaptive rumination.
Sloan, D. M., Marx, B. P., Epstein, E. M., & Dobbs, J. L. (2008) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/1528-3542.8.2.302 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Emotional attention set-shifting and its relationship to anxiety and emotion regulation.
Johnson, D. R. (2009) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/a0017095 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Hildebrandt, L. K., McCall, C., Engen, H. G., & Singer, T. (2016) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/psyp.12632 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Amone-P'Olak, K., Garnefski, N., & Kraaij, V. (2007) · Journal des adolescens · doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2006.05.004 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
“This also confirmed the expectations and is comparable to earlier studies, which indicated rumination as a risk factor for developing psychopathology (Carver et al., 1989; Davis & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2000; Garnefski, Boon et al., 2003; Garnefski, Van den Kommer et al., 2002; Garnefski, Legerstee et al., 2002; Garnefski et…”
ResultWhisman, M. A., du Pont, A., & Butterworth, P. (2019) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2019.09.035 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Repetitive negative thinking is associated with amyloid, tau, and cognitive decline
Marchant, N. L., Lovland, L. R., Jones, R., Binette, A. P., Gonneaud, J., Arenaza‐Urquijo, E. M., Chételat, G., & Villeneuve, S. (2020) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.12116 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Liao, K. Y., & Wei, M. (2011) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.20846 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
- Authors
- Davis, R. N., & Nolen-Hoeksema, S.
- Affiliations
- University of Michigan (US)
- Corresponding author
- Davis, Robert N.
- Venue
- Cognitive Therapy and Research
- Published
- 2000-12
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 699-711
- ISSN
- 0147-5916 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-2819
- OpenAlex
- W2169563916
- Cited by
- 581
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 33 · 2022: 29 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 27 · 2018: 25 · 2017: 32 · 2016: 31 · 2015: 39 · 2014: 39 · 2013: 46 · 2012: 28
- FWCI
- 7.05
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Cognitive Therapy and Research (publishedVersion)
- Deep Blue (University of Michigan) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Keywords
- rumination, cognitive flexibility, perseveration, cognitive inflexibility, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, perseverative errors, set maintenance, depressive episodes, dysphoric mood, sex differences
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