The DOI matches its Crossref record; 51 of the 51 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The work-related acceptance and action questionnaire: Initial psychometric findings and their implications for measuring psychological flexibility in specific contexts
Abstract
Over the past decade, experimental and longitudinal research has shown that psychological flexibility is an important determinant of mental health and behavioural effectiveness in the workplace. These findings have been established using a general measure of this psychological process, the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire–Revised ( AAQ‐II ). Consistent with Acceptance and Commitment Therapy ( ACT ) theory, psychological flexibility may demonstrate even stronger associations with variables related to a work context (e.g., job satisfaction) if it were assessed using a measure of the construct that is tailored to the workplace. To test this hypothesis, we first developed such a measure, the work‐related acceptance and action questionnaire ( WAAQ ). Findings from 745 participants across three studies reveal that the structure, validity and reliability of the WAAQ are satisfactory. As predicted, the WAAQ , in comparison with the AAQ‐II , correlates significantly more strongly with work‐specific variables. In contrast, the AAQ‐II tends to correlate more strongly with outcomes that are likely to be more stable across different contexts (e.g., mental health and personality variables). These findings are discussed in relation to ACT theory. Practitioner points Experimental and longitudinal research has shown that psychological flexibility is an individual characteristic that is an important determinant of mental health and behavioural effectiveness in the workplace. The Work‐Related Acceptance and Action Questionnaire ( WAAQ ) assesses psychological flexibility as it relates to the workplace. Psychological flexibility is a useful individual characteristic for practitioners to assess, as it is stable over time, but interventions can also enhance it, and, as a result, improve mental health and behavioural effectiveness in the workplace.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Psychological flexibility appears to be a context specific construct, in terms of the area of study (e.g., pain, parenting, workplace, or other), and therefore needs to be assessed as such [4,19].”
In the citing paper
“The AAQ-II is a widely used scale with demonstrated evidence of a single-factor structure, internal consistency and criterion, convergent and discriminant validity across clinical, community and occupational samples (e.g., Bond et al., 2011; Bond et al., 2013; Gloster, Klotsche, Chaker, Hummel, & Hoyer, 2011).”
From Psychological Processes Underlying the Impact of Gender-Related Discrimination on Psychological Distress in Transgender and Gender Nonconforming People. (2019) · cites this paper as Bond et al., 2013
Citations
Cites
Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences
Muller, K. E., & Cohen, J. (1989) · Technometrics · doi:10.2307/1270020 · Cited by 99,603
Coefficient Alpha and the Internal Structure of Tests
Cronbach, L. J. (1951) · Psychometrika · doi:10.1007/bf02310555 · Cited by 43,931
Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling
Tabri, N., & Elliott, C. M. (2012) · Canadian Graduate Journal of Sociology and Criminology · doi:10.15353/cgjsc.v1i1.3787 · Cited by 39,094
(1998) · Cited by 36,049
Structural Equations with Latent Variables
Bollen, K. A. (1989) · Wiley series in probability and statistics · doi:10.1002/9781118619179 · Cited by 17,944
Structural Equations with Latent Variables.
Clogg, C. C., & Bollen, K. A. (1991) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.2307/2072165 · Cited by 17,475
Convergent and discriminant validation by the multitrait-multimethod matrix.
Campbell, D. T., & Fiske, D. W. (1959) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/h0046016 · Cited by 17,116
The benefits of being present: Mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being
Brown, K. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2003) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.84.4.822 · Cited by 13,448
Hu, L.-T., & Bentler, P. M. (1998) · Psychological Methods · doi:10.1037/1082-989x.3.4.424 · Cited by 12,298
Costello, A. B., & Osborne, J. (2005) · University of Massachusetts Amherst · doi:10.7275/jyj1-4868 · Cited by 10,297
Social Foundations of Thought and Action
Bandura, A. (2002) · SAGE Publications Ltd eBooks · doi:10.4135/9781446221129.n6 · Cited by 9,948
Evaluating the use of exploratory factor analysis in psychological research.
Fabrigar, L. R., Wegener, D. T., MacCallum, R. C., & Strahan, E. J. (1999) · Psychological Methods · doi:10.1037/1082-989x.4.3.272 · Cited by 9,587
A Rationale and Test for the Number of Factors in Factor Analysis
Horn, J. L. (1965) · Psychometrika · doi:10.1007/bf02289447 · Cited by 8,965
(2008) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 7,477
The Measurement of Work Engagement With a Short Questionnaire: A Cross-National Study
Schaufeli, W. B., Bakker, A. B., & Salanova, M. (2006) · Educational and Psychological Measurement · doi:10.1177/0013164405282471 · Cited by 7,403
(1993) · Cited by 7,136
Acceptance and commitment therapy: model, processes and outcomes
Hayes, S. C., Luoma, J. B., Bond, F. W., Masuda, A., & Lillis, J. (2006) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2005.06.006 · Cited by 6,587
Self-citationCognitive-Behavioral Treatment of Borderline Personality Disorder
Cary, G. L. (1994) · American Journal of Psychotherapy · doi:10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.1994.48.1.155 · Cited by 6,299
(1999) · Cited by 5,934
A Theory of Goal Setting and Task Performance
Tosi, H. L., Locke, E. A., & Latham, G. P. (1991) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.2307/258875 · Cited by 4,840
Structural Equation Modeling With AMOS: Basic Concepts, Applications, and Programming, Third Edition
Byrne, B. M. (2016) · doi:10.4324/9781315757421 · Cited by 4,653
Tests for comparing elements of a correlation matrix
Steiger, J. H. (1980) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.87.2.245 · Cited by 4,621
Mindfulness training as a clinical intervention: a conceptual and empirical review
Baer, R. A. (2003) · Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice · doi:10.1093/clipsy.bpg015 · Cited by 4,577
Mindfulness training as a clinical intervention: A conceptual and empirical review.
Baer, R. A. (2003) · Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice · doi:10.1093/clipsy/bpg015 · Cited by 4,576
Tosi, H. L. (1991) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.5465/amr.1991.4278976 · Cited by 4,147
Bond, F. W., Hayes, S. C., Baer, R. A., Carpenter, K. M., Guenole, N., Orcutt, H. K., Waltz, T., & Zettle, R. D. (2011) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2011.03.007 · Cited by 3,950
Self-citationComparison of five rules for determining the number of components to retain.
Zwick, W. R., & Velicer, W. F. (1986) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.99.3.432 · Cited by 3,270
Factor Retention Decisions in Exploratory Factor Analysis: a Tutorial on Parallel Analysis
Hayton, J. C., Allen, D. G., & Scarpello, V. (2004) · Organizational Research Methods · doi:10.1177/1094428104263675 · Cited by 3,104
Scales for the measurement of some work attitudes and aspects of psychological well‐being
Warr, P. B., Cook, J. D., & Wall, T. D. (1979) · Journal of Occupational Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1979.tb00448.x · Cited by 2,234
Measuring experiential avoidance: A preliminary test of a working model
Hayes, S. C., Strosahl, K., Wilson, K. G., Bissett, R. T., Pistorello, J., Toarmino, D., Polusny, M. A., Dykstra, T. A., Batten, S. V., Bergan, J., et al. (2004) · The Psychological Record · doi:10.1007/bf03395492 · Cited by 2,140
Self-citationBetween facets and domains: 10 aspects of the Big Five.
DeYoung, C. G., Quilty, L. C., & Peterson, J. B. (2007) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.93.5.880 · Cited by 1,920
A comparison of some methodologies for the factor analysis of non‐normal Likert variables
Muthén, B., & Kaplan, D. (1985) · British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8317.1985.tb00832.x · Cited by 1,778
The five factor model of personality and job performance in the European Community.
Salgado, J. F. (1997) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.82.1.30 · Cited by 1,582
Positive and negative global self-esteem: A substantively meaningful distinction or artifactors?
Marsh, H. W. (1996) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.70.4.810 · Cited by 811
Exploratory Factor Analysis: A Users’Guide
Ferguson, E., & Cox, T. (1993) · International Journal of Selection and Assessment · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2389.1993.tb00092.x · Cited by 724
The Role of Acceptance and Job Control in Mental Health, Job Satisfaction, and Work Performance
Bond, F. W., & Bunce, D. (2003) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.88.6.1057 · Cited by 711
Self-citationMediators of change in emotion-focused and problem-focused worksite stress management interventions
Bond, F. W., & Bunce, D. (2000) · Journal of Occupational Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/1076-8998.5.1.156 · Cited by 607
Self-citationThe Big Five Personality Traits and the Life Course: A 45-Year Longitudinal Study
Soldz, S., & Vaillant, G. (1999) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1006/jrpe.1999.2243 · Cited by 544
Work Psychology: Understanding Human Behaviour in the Workplace
Burnes, B., Patterson, F., Robertson, I. T., Silvester, J., Cooper, C. L., & Arnold, J. (1991) · Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) · Cited by 530
An Integrated Control Theory Model of Work Motivation
Klein, H. J. (1989) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.5465/amr.1989.4282072 · Cited by 501
Job control mediates change in a work reorganization intervention for stress reduction.
Bond, F. W., & Bunce, D. J. (2001) · Journal of Occupational Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/1076-8998.6.4.290 · Cited by 351
Self-citationEvaluation of Parallel Analysis Methods for Determining the Number of Factors
Crawford, A., Green, S. B., Levy, R., Lo, W., Scott, L., Svetina, D., & Thompson, M. S. (2010) · Educational and Psychological Measurement · doi:10.1177/0013164410379332 · Cited by 247
Bond, F. W., Flaxman, P. E., & Bunce, D. (2008) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.93.3.645 · Cited by 235
Self-citationRepresenting sources of error in the common-factor model: Implications for theory and practice.
MacCallum, R. C., & Tucker, L. R. (1991) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.109.3.502 · Cited by 235
Bond, F. W., & Flaxman, P. E. (2006) · Journal of Organizational Behavior Management · doi:10.1300/j075v26n01_05 · Cited by 221
Self-citationMethod Effects: The Problem With Negatively Versus Positively Keyed Items
Lindwall, M., Barkoukis, V., Grano, C., Lucidi, F., Raudsepp, L., Liukkonen, J., & Thøgersen‐Ntoumani, C. (2012) · Journal of Personality Assessment · doi:10.1080/00223891.2011.645936 · Cited by 217
Flaxman, P. E., & Bond, F. W. (2010) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2010.05.004 · Cited by 197
Self-citationHandbook of Brief Cognitive Behaviour Therapy
(2002) · doi:10.1002/9780470713020 · Cited by 72
Self-citationCommentary on quantitative methods in I-O research
MacCallum, R. C. (1998) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e577062011-002 · Cited by 52
Bond, F. W., & Hayes, S. C. (2002) · Handbook of Brief Cognitive Behaviour Therapy · doi:10.1002/9780470713020.ch7 · Cited by 49
Self-citationBond, F. W., Flaxman, P. E., van Veldhoven, M. J. P. M., & Biron, M. (2010) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470661550.ch15 · Cited by 38
Self-citation
Research works printed but not linked: 13
- Arbuckle J. L., 2003, Amos 5.0 update to the Amos user's guide
- 10.1037//1076‐8998.5.1.156 · DOI · Paper page
- 10.1037//1076‐8998.6.4.290 · DOI
- Bond F. W., 2012, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) in the workplace: A meta‐analytic review
- Costa P. T., 1992, Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO‐PI‐R) and NEO Five‐Factor Inventory (NEO‐FFI): Professional manual
- Donaldson E., 2004, Psychological acceptance and emotional intelligence in relation to workplace well‐being, British Journal of Guidance & Counselling, 34, 187
- Goldberg D., 1978, Manual of the general health questionnaire
- 10.2307/258414 · DOI
- Lloyd J., Identifying psychological mechanisms underpinning a cognitive behavioural therapy intervention for emotional burnout, Work & Stress
- 10.1037//0033‐2909.109.3.502 · DOI
- Nunnally J. C., 1994, Psychometric theory
- 10.1037//0021‐9010.82.1.30 · DOI
- 10.1037//0033‐2909.87.2.245 · DOI · Paper page
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The development and initial validation of the cognitive fusion questionnaire
Gillanders, D. T., Bolderston, H., Bond, F. W., Dempster, M., Flaxman, P. E., Campbell, L., Kerr, S., Tansey, L., Noel, P., Ferenbach, C., et al. (2014) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2013.09.001 · Cited by 837
Self-citationEvaluating Positive Psychology Interventions at Work: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Donaldson, S. I., Lee, J. Y., & Donaldson, S. I. (2019) · International Journal of Applied Positive Psychology · doi:10.1007/s41042-019-00021-8 · Cited by 259
Lloyd, J., Bond, F. W., & Flaxman, P. E. (2013) · Work & Stress · doi:10.1080/02678373.2013.782157 · Cited by 175
Self-citationBlanco‐Donoso, L. M., Demerouti, E., Garrosa, E., Jiménez, B. M., & Carmona‐Cobo, I. (2015) · International Journal of Nursing Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2015.01.002 · Cited by 108
Ramaci, T., Bellini, D., Presti, G., & Santisi, G. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01302 · Cited by 95
Metadata
- Authors
- Bond, F. W., Lloyd, J., & Guenole, N.
- Affiliations
- Goldsmiths University of London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Bond, Frank W.
- Venue
- Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2013-01-08
- Volume
- 86
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 331-347
- ISSN
- 0963-1798 (ISSN-L)
- 2044-8325
- OpenAlex
- W2055354317
- Cited by
- 186
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 5
- FWCI
- 9.63
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology (publishedVersion)
- Goldsmiths (University of London) (acceptedVersion)
- UEL Research Repository (University of East London) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Job Satisfaction and Organizational Behavior
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
- Keywords
- psychological flexibility, Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II, acceptance and commitment therapy, workplace mental health, job satisfaction, work context, psychometric validation, questionnaire development
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review