Psychological flexibility and mindfulness as predictors of individual outcomes in hospital health workers.
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Research in organizational psychology emphasizes the idea that wellbeing and productivity outcomes are influenced both by individual differences (traits, values) and work environment characteristics (relationships, climate). Evidence for the effectiveness of psychological interventions for stress is currently unclear. To date, research on psychological flexibility in workplaces has not been systematically conducted in Italy. We investigated its relevance in the context of the Italian health care system. In this study, the relationship between sources of stress at work and its outcomes in terms of psychological and physical health are explored. Furthermore, the moderating effect of psychological flexibility and mindfulness on psychological and physical health are investigated. Four hundred and eleven health workers of a Sicilian hospital with different job positions were recruited, of which 42.7% were males (N= 169) and 57.3% were females (N=227). Their ages ranged between 25 and 72 years (M=49.16; SD=8.65). Participants answered a questionnaire that assessed psychological flexibility, mindfulness, sources of stress at work and health benefits. In a bivariate analysis, managerial factors, relationships, and intrinsic factors are partially negatively related to psychological and physical health; whereas, multivariate analyses show that psychological flexibility does not moderate the relationship between psychological and physical health. Instead, mindfulness is strongly and consistently correlated to psychological and physical health. Employees who show psychological flexibility, are more likely to show greater openness to the acceptance of setbacks in the working environment and to carry on their valued living and working path. This seems to correlate positively on individual wellbeing. Data show that a flexible and mindful attitude towards difficult psychological events aids responsiveness to changes and the ability to work more effectively.
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Psychological flexibility allows one to control experiential avoidance, which may be utilized to cope with distressing life events.
“Hence, psychological flexibility allows one to control EA, which may be utilized to cope with distressing life events [35].”
From Acceptance and commitment therapy versus mindfulness-based stress reduction for newly diagnosed head and neck cancer patients: A randomized controlled trial assessing efficacy for positive psychology, depression, anxiety, and quality of life (2022) · cites this paper as [35]
The Introduction (page unavailable) contrasts psychological flexibility with experiential avoidance, and says interventions that build flexibility can reduce stress and improve coping. But it describes experiential avoidance under stressful conditions as associated with harmful outcomes, not as an effective way to cope with distressing life events. It also frames flexibility as accepting internal experiences rather than controlling them. (LLM, conf=0.82)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe significant increase in psychological flexibility may suggest that participants experienced an improved ability to be open and aware of unwanted thoughts, feelings and experiences, whilst continuing to act according to deeply held values.
“The significant increase in psychological flexibility within this evaluation may suggest that participants experienced an improved ability to be open and aware of unwanted thoughts, feelings and experiences, whilst continuing to act according to deeply held values [35].”
From Real-world evaluation of an acceptance and commitment therapy–based group programme for breast cancer survivors with fear of cancer recurrence (2023) · cites this paper as [35]
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- Authors
- Ramaci, T., Bellini, D., Presti, G., & Santisi, G.
- Affiliations
- Università degli Studi di Enna Kore (IT)
- University of Cagliari (IT)
- University of Catania (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Ramaci, Tiziana
- Venue
- Frontiers in Psychology
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2019-06-12
- Volume
- 10
- Pages
- 1302-1302
- ISSN
- 1664-1078 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6582771
- OpenAlex
- W2945666641
- Cited by
- 95
- References
- 68
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 1
- FWCI
- 12.85
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Frontiers in Psychology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Università degli Studi di Enna Kore
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Workplace Health and Well-being
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Stress and Burnout Research
- Keywords
- psychological flexibility, mindfulness, occupational stress, healthcare workers, hospital staff, mental health, physical health, employee well-being, moderating effect, Italian healthcare system
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