Patterns of Adolescent Regulatory Responses During Family Conflict and Mental Health Trajectories
Open accessAbstract
Four distinct patterns of adolescents' behavioral, emotional, and physiological responses to family conflict were identified during mother–father–adolescent (M = 13.08 years) interactions. Most youth displayed adaptively regulated patterns comprised of low overt and subjective distress. Under‐controlled adolescents exhibited elevated observable and subjective anger. Over‐controlled adolescents were withdrawn and reported heightened subjective distress. Physiologically reactive adolescents had elevated cortisol coupled with low overt and subjective distress. Regulation patterns were associated with unique mental health trajectories. Under‐controlled adolescents had elevated conduct and peer problems whereas over‐controlled adolescents had higher anxiety and depressive symptoms. Physiologically reactive adolescents had low concurrent, but increasing levels of depressive, anxiety, and peer problem symptoms. Findings underscore the importance of examining organizations of regulatory strategies in contributing to adolescent mental health.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
The CES-D Scale: A Self-Report Depression Scale for Research in the General Population
Radloff, L. S. (1977) · Applied Psychological Measurement · doi:10.1177/014662167700100306 · Cited by 53,267 · see citing works
The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire: A research note
Goodman, R. (1997) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01545.x · Cited by 14,908 · see citing works
Nylund, K. L., Asparouhov, T., & Muthén, B. O. (2007) · Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal · doi:10.1080/10705510701575396 · Cited by 11,415 · see citing works
Dickerson, S. S., & Kemeny, M. E. (2004) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.130.3.355 · Cited by 5,881 · see citing works
Achenbach, T. M., McConaughy, S. H., & Howell, C. T. (1987) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.101.2.213 · Cited by 5,436 · see citing works
EMOTION REGULATION: A THEME IN SEARCH OF DEFINITION
Thompson, R. A. (1994) · Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1540-5834.1994.tb01276.x · Cited by 3,767 · see citing works
Pruessner, J. C., Kirschbaum, C., Meinlschmid, G., & Hellhammer, D. H. (2003) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/s0306-4530(02)00108-7 · Cited by 3,638 · see citing works
Species Richness of Parasite Assemblages: Evolution and Patterns
Poulin, R. (1997) · Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics · doi:10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.28.1.341 · Cited by 3,500 · see citing works
Muthén, B., & Muthén, L. K. (2000) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2000.tb02070.x · Cited by 3,161 · see citing works
Risky families: Family social environments and the mental and physical health of offspring
Repetti, R. L., Taylor, S. E., & Seeman, T. E. (2002) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.128.2.330 · Cited by 2,884 · see citing works
The use of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale in adolescents and young adults
Radloff, L. S. (1991) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/bf01537606 · Cited by 1,997 · see citing works
What I Think and Feel: A Revised Measure of Children's Manifest Anxiety
Reynolds, C. R., & Richmond, B. O. (1997) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1023/a:1025751206600 · Cited by 1,939 · see citing works
Marital conflict and child adjustment: An emotional security hypothesis.
Davies, P. T., & Cummings, E. M. (1994) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.116.3.387 · Cited by 1,866 · see citing works
Self-citationMcEWEN, B. S., & SEEMAN, T. (1999) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb08103.x · Cited by 1,824 · see citing works
Goodman, R., Ford, T., Simmons, H., Gatward, R., & Meltzer, H. (2000) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.177.6.534 · Cited by 1,818 · see citing works
What i think and feel: A revised measure of children's manifest anxiety
Reynolds, C. R., & Richmond, B. O. (1978) · Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology · doi:10.1007/bf00919131 · Cited by 1,741 · see citing works
Eisenberg, N., Cumberland, A., Spinrad, T. L., Fabes, R. A., Shepard, S. A., Reiser, M., Murphy, B. C., Losoya, S. H., & Guthrie, I. K. (2001) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/1467-8624.00337 · Cited by 1,580 · see citing works
Emotion Regulation: A Theme in Search of Definition
Thompson, R. A. (1994) · Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development · doi:10.2307/1166137 · Cited by 1,366 · see citing works
Fries, E., Hesse, J., Hellhammer, J., & Hellhammer, D. H. (2005) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2005.04.006 · Cited by 1,204 · see citing works
Emotion regulation in children and adolescents.
ZEMAN, J., CASSANO, M., PERRY-PARRISH, C., & STEGALL, S. (2006) · Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics · doi:10.1097/00004703-200604000-00014 · Cited by 810 · see citing works
Modeling Contextual Effects in Longitudinal Studies
(2007) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203936825 · Cited by 793 · see citing works
Gunnar, M. R., Talge, N. M., & Herrera, A. M. (2009) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2009.02.010 · Cited by 567 · see citing works
Maughan, A., & Cicchetti, D. (2002) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/1467-8624.00488 · Cited by 532 · see citing works
Self-citationAssessment of depression in adolescents using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale.
Roberts, R. E., Andrews, J. A., Lewinsohn, P. M., & Hops, H. (1990) · Psychological Assessment: A Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/1040-3590.2.2.122 · Cited by 521 · see citing works
Marital conflict and children: an emotional security perspective
(2010) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.48-1160 · Cited by 425 · see citing works
Cicchetti, D., Ganiban, J., & Barnett, D. (1991) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511663963.003 · Cited by 403 · see citing works
Self-citationCummings, E. M., & Davies, P. (1996) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579400007008 · Cited by 395 · see citing works
Self-citationReassessing emotion regulation.
Thompson, R. A., Lewis, M. D., & Calkins, S. D. (2008) · Child Development Perspectives · doi:10.1111/j.1750-8606.2008.00054.x · Cited by 300 · see citing works
National Normative and Reliability Data for the Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale
Reynolds, C. R., & Paget, K. D. (1983) · School Psychology Review · doi:10.1080/02796015.1983.12085047 · Cited by 275 · cited 1× · see citing works
“The RCMAS has good construct validity and adequate reliability during adolescence (Reynolds, 1980; Reynolds & Paget, 1983).”
BackgroundCoping with Background Anger in Early Childhood
Cummings, E. M. (1987) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1987.tb01433.x · Cited by 257 · see citing works
Self-citationMuris, P., Meesters, C. M. G., Eijkelenboom, A., & Vincken, M. (2004) · British Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1348/0144665042388982 · Cited by 252 · see citing works
Shields, A. M., Cicchetti, D., & Ryan, R. M. (1994) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579400005885 · Cited by 245 · see citing works
Self-citationAllostatic processes in the family
Repetti, R. L., Robles, T. F., & Reynolds, B. (2011) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s095457941100040x · Cited by 236 · see citing works
Shirtcliff, E. A., & Essex, M. J. (2008) · Developmental Psychobiology · doi:10.1002/dev.20336 · Cited by 231 · see citing works
Individual differences in emotion regulation and behavior problems in preschool children.
Cole, P. M., Zahn-Waxler, C., Fox, N. A., Usher, B. A., & Welsh, J. D. (1996) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.105.4.518 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
Concurrent validity of What I Think and Feel: The Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale.
Reynolds, C. R. (1980) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.48.6.774 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
How Low Socioeconomic Status Affects 2-Year Hormonal Trajectories in Children
Chen, E., Cohen, S., & Miller, G. E. (2009) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797609355566 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Coping with Background Anger in Early Childhood
Cummings, E. M. (1987) · Child Development · doi:10.2307/1130538 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Self-citationShanahan, L., McHale, S. M., Osgood, D. W., & Crouter, A. C. (2007) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/0012-1649.43.3.539 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Toward an integrative approach to the study of stress.
Fleming, R., Baum, A. E., & Singer, J. E. (1984) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.46.4.939 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Children's Patterns of Preserving Emotional Security in the Interparental Subsystem
Davies, P. T., & Forman, E. M. (2002) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/1467-8624.t01-1-00512 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Self-citationCoping with adults' angry behavior: Behavioral, physiological, and verbal responses in preschoolers.
El‐Sheikh, M., Cummings, E. M., & Goetsch, V. L. (1989) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/0012-1649.25.4.490 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Self-citationEmotion Regulation Profiles, Temperament, and Adjustment Problems in Preadolescents
Zalewski, M., Lengua, L. J., Wilson, A. C., Trancik, A., & Bazinet, A. D. (2011) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2011.01575.x · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Adrenocortical Underpinnings of Children’s Psychological Reactivity to Interparental Conflict
Davies, P. T., Sturge‐Apple, M. L., Cicchetti, D., & Cummings, E. M. (2008) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2008.01219.x · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Self-citationEncyclopedia of applied developmental science
(2005) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.42-5625 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Does Dampened Physiological Reactivity Protect Youth in Aggressive Family Environments?
Saxbe, D. E., Margolin, G., Spies Shapiro, L. A., & Baucom, B. R. (2012) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2012.01752.x · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Davies, P. T., Sturge‐Apple, M. L., & Cicchetti, D. (2011) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579411000319 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Self-citationConceptual Issues in Studying the Development of Self-Regulation
Sameroff, A. J. (2009) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511575877.002 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Koss, K. J., George, M. R. W., Davies, P. T., Cicchetti, D., Cummings, E. M., & Sturge‐Apple, M. L. (2012) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0028246 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Self-citationParents' hostility in dyadic marital and triadic family settings and children's behavior problems.
Gordis, E. B., Margolin, G., & John, R. S. (2001) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.69.4.727 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
The System for Coding Interactions and Family Functioning
Lindahl, K. M., & Malik, N. M. (2000) · Psychology Press eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781410605610-10 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Parents' hostility in dyadic marital and triadic family settings and children's behavior problems.
Gordis, E. B., Margolin, G., & John, R. S. (2001) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.69.4.727 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Observations of Marital Conflict and Power: Relations with Parenting in the Triad
Lindahl, K. M., & Malik, N. (1999) · Journal of Marriage and the Family · doi:10.2307/353751 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Interparental aggression and infant patterns of adrenocortical and behavioral stress responses
Towe‐Goodman, N. R., Stifter, C. A., Mills-Koonce, R., Granger, D. A., & The Family Life Project Key Investigators (2011) · Developmental Psychobiology · doi:10.1002/dev.20618 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Lisonbee, J. A., Pendry, P., Mize, J., & Gwynn, E. P. (2010) · Mind Brain and Education · doi:10.1111/j.1751-228x.2010.01096.x · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Gunnar MR Vazquez DV Cicchetti D Cohen DJ Stress neurobiology and developmental psychopathology Developmental Psychopathology (Vol. 2): Developmental Neuroscience 2006 Hoboken, NJ John Wiley & Sons 533 577
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Koss, K. J., & Gunnar, M. R. (2018) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.12784 · Cited by 489 · see citing works
Self-citationEisenlohr-Moul, T. A., Miller, A. B., Giletta, M., Hastings, P. D., Rudolph, K. D., Nock, M. K., & Prinstein, M. J. (2018) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/s41386-018-0206-6 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
- Authors
- Koss, K. J., Cummings, E. M., Davies, P. T., & Cicchetti, D.
- Affiliations
- Vanderbilt University (US)
- University of Notre Dame (US)
- University of Rochester (US)
- University of Minnesota (US)
- Corresponding author
- Koss, Kalsea J.
- Venue
- Journal of Research on Adolescence
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2016-06-07
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 229-245
- ISSN
- 1050-8392 (ISSN-L)
- 1532-7795
- PMC
- PMC5431071
- OpenAlex
- W2410438965
- Semantic Scholar
- 8e68721f7c801e54fafe5afc0de8558fe80ca1ca
- Cited by
- 25
- References
- 55
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 3.57
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Research on Adolescence (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01 MH57318, T32 MH015755, T32 MH018921)
- American Psychological Foundation
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Psychosocial Factors Impacting Youth
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
- Keywords
- adolescent emotion regulation, family conflict, regulatory strategy, cortisol response, anger, withdrawal, subjective distress, mental health trajectories, conduct problems, peer problems, anxiety, depressive symptoms
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior, Anxiety, Emotions, Female, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Mental Health, Parent-Child Relations, Pituitary-Adrenal System, Surveys and Questionnaires, Saliva, Stress, Physiological, Stress, Psychological, Parenting, Adolescent Development, Family Conflict
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
