National Normative and Reliability Data for the Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale
Abstract
To develop normative data for the revision of the Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale (RCMAS), the scale was administered to 4,972 children from 13 states and more than 80 school districts representing all geographic regions of the United States. The children ranged in age from 6 years to 19 years. Norms are reported for white males, white females, black males, and black females separately at each age level for the total Anxiety Scale, three subscales of anxiety, and a Lie Scale. A multivariate analysis of variance demonstrated performance on the RCMAS to be a complex function of these factors. Coefficient alpha reliability estimates were also determined for each group at each age level and compared across groups. Reliability was satisfactory for all groups except black females below age 12 years. Caution was recommended in the use of the scale with this age group and potential uses of the scale discussed.
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The Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale has good construct validity and adequate reliability.
“The RCMAS has good construct validity and adequate reliability (Reynolds, 1980; Reynolds & Paget, 1983)”
From Prospective Relations between Family Conflict and Adolescent Maladjustment: Security in the Family System as a Mediating Process (2015) · cites this paper as Reynolds & Paget, 1983
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Cognitive-behavioral family therapy for anxiety-disordered children: A multiple-baseline evaluation
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Relationships Between School Hassles and Uplifts and Anxiety and Conduct Problems in Grades 3 and 4
Barrett, S., & Heubeck, B. G. (2000) · Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/s0193-3973(00)00053-8 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
“The reported internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha) for the scale has generally been more than .80 (Reynolds & Paget, 1983; Reynolds & Richmond, 1978).”
BackgroundThe association between social withdrawal and internalizing problems of children
Strauss, C. C., Forehand, R., Smith, K. A., & Frame, C. L. (1986) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/bf01260521 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Empirical evaluation of DSM-IV geralized anxiety disorder criteria in children and adolescents
Tracey, S. A., Chorpita, B. F., Douban, J., & Barlow, D. H. (1997) · Journal of Clinical Child Psychology · doi:10.1207/s15374424jccp2604_9 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Plasma Neurochemistry in Juvenile Offenders
Pliszka, S. R., Rogeness, G. A., RENNER, P., Sherman, J. O., & BROUSSARD, T. (1988) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-198809000-00012 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Cullen, K. W., Thompson, D. I., Boushey, C. J., Konzelmann, K. L., & Chen, T. (2013) · Health Education Research · doi:10.1093/her/cyt059 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Mazza, J. J., & Overstreet, S. (2000) · School Psychology Review · doi:10.1080/02796015.2000.12085999 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
“Children in their sample reported anxiety levels more than one standard deviation below the published norms for African-American children (Reynolds & Paget, 1983).”
BackgroundPrescriptive treatment for generalized anxiety disorder in children
Eisen, A. R., & Silverman, W. K. (1998) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(98)80034-8 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Using Evaluative Criteria to Review Youth Anxiety Measures, Part II: Parent-Report
Etkin, R. G., Lebowitz, E. R., & Silverman, W. K. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374416.2021.1878898 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Anthropometric, Parental, and Psychosocial Correlates of Dietary Intake of African‐American Girls
Cullen, K. W., Baranowski, T., Klesges, L. M., Watson, K., Sherwood, N. E., Story, M. T., Zakeri, I., SLAWSON, D. L., & PRATT, C. A. (2004) · Obesity Research · doi:10.1038/oby.2004.265 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Self-reports of panic attacks and manifest anxiety in adolescents
King, N. J., Gullone, E., Tonge, B. J., & Ollendick, T. H. (1993) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(93)90049-z · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Larose, S., Duchesne, S., Litalien, D., Denault, A., & Boivin, M. (2018) · Research in Higher Education · doi:10.1007/s11162-018-9538-7 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Validation of the Acculturative Stress Inventory for Children.
Suarez‐Morales, L., Dillon, F. R., & Szapocznik, J. (2007) · Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology · doi:10.1037/1099-9809.13.3.216 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Urinary Catecholamines in Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder with and without Comorbid Anxiety
Pliszka, S. R., Maas, J. W., Javors, M. A., Rogeness, G. A., & BAKER, J. (1994) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199410000-00012 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Self-talk in distressed youth: States-of-mind and content specificity
Ronan, K. R., & Kendall, P. C. (1997) · Journal of Clinical Child Psychology · doi:10.1207/s15374424jccp2604_1 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Behavioral Assessment and Treatment of Childhood Phobias
Ollendick, T. H., & Francis, G. (1988) · Behavior Modification · doi:10.1177/01454455880122002 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Pliszka, S. R., Hatch, J. P., Borcherding, S., & Rogeness, G. A. (1993) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/bf01261601 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Jago, R., Baranowski, T., Baranowski, J. C., et al. (2006) · Health Education Research · doi:10.1093/her/cyl107 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
“Social desirability was assessed using a modified version of the ‘lie scale’ from the revised Manifest Anxiety Scale [18], a nine-item questionnaire that asks whether socially desirable characteristics are always true of me (5), sometimes true of me (4), not sure (3), not often true of me (2) or never true of me (1).”
MethodMatte‐Gagné, C., Harvey, B., Stack, D. M., & Serbin, L. A. (2015) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-014-0247-z · Cited by 62 · see citing works
“This measure is a widely used instrument, and has been shown to be reliable (Reynolds and Paget 1983).”
MethodThe structure of negative emotions in a clinical sample of children and adolescents.
Chorpita, B. F., Albano, A. M., & Barlow, D. H. (1998) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037//0021-843x.107.1.74 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
Can Social Protection Improve Sustainable Development Goals for Adolescent Health?
Cluver, L. D., Orkin, F. M., Meinck, F., Boyes, M. E., Yakubovich, A. R., & Sherr, L. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0164808 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
“4) used standardized psychometric tools, measuring one or more clinicallevel disorder of depression (Child Depression Inventory Short Form),[25] anxiety (Revised Children’s Manifest Anxiety Scale),[26] or suicidality (MINI International Psychiatric Interview for Children and Adolescents).”
MethodThe visual analogue scale for anxiety — Revised: Psychometric properties
Bernstein, G. A., & Garfinkel, B. D. (1992) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/0887-6185(92)90035-6 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Adolescent depressed mood and young adult functioning: A longitudinal study
Devine, D., Kempton, T., & Forehand, R. (1994) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/bf02168942 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Relationship between Personality Adjustment and High Intelligence: Terman versus Hollingworth
Grossberg, I. N., & Cornell, D. G. (1988) · Exceptional Children · doi:10.1177/001440298805500310 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
A Longitudinal Look at Parent–Child Diagnostic Agreement in Youth Treated for Anxiety Disorders
Safford, S., Kendall, P., Flannery-Schroeder, E. C., Webb, A., & Sommer, H. (2005) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1207/s15374424jccp3404_16 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Covert fears, anxiety and depression in congenital heart disease
Gupta, S., Giuffre, R. M., Crawford, S., et al. (1998) · Cardiology in the Young · doi:10.1017/s1047951100007162 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
- Authors
- Reynolds, C. R., & Paget, K. D.
- Affiliations
- Texas A&M University (US)
- University of South Carolina (US)
- ORCID
- Reynolds, Cecil R.
- Venue
- School Psychology Review
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 1983-09-01
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 324-336
- ISSN
- 0279-6015 (ISSN-L)
- 2372-966X
- OpenAlex
- W309459848
- Cited by
- 275
- References
- 15
- Citations by year
- 2025: 3 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 4.78
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- School Psychology Review (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Psychological Testing and Assessment
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale, reference values, anxiety assessment, children, adolescents, racial differences, gender differences, age differences, scale reliability, lie scale
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