Emotional security as a regulatory process in normal development and the development of psychopathology
Abstract
Emotional security is a central concept in many accounts of normal development and the development of psychopathology. However, the construct has rarely been subject to precise explication, and the conceptualization of emotional security as deriving from qualities of family functioning as a whole requires development. Emotional security as a regulatory system is defined and related to current approaches to emotions as regulatory processes. Although our model is built upon attachment theory, the emphasis is shifted from the evolutionary/ethological origins of attachment theory to the regulation of emotional well being and security as a goal in itself. Emotional security is conceptualized from a contextualistic perspective, emphasizing the interplay between socioemotional and biological processes. Felt-security as a goal is defined from an organizational perspective, reflecting the entire pattern of the individual's reactions to events in relation to emotional security as a goal, as opposed to simply those reactions that are “conscious” or reported as “feelings.” Component regulatory systems are specified (e.g., processes of emotion regulation, regulation of exposure to family affect), with illustrations centering on the impact of marital and parent-child relations on children's security.
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Insecurity in the family may raise maladjustment risk by increasing emotional and behavioral dysregulation and by creating negative representations of family relationships.
“Emotional security in the family may increase the risk for youth maladjustment by increasing their emotional and behavioral dysregulation as well as engendering negative representations of family relationships (Cummings & Davies, 1996).”
From Prospective Relations between Family Conflict and Adolescent Maladjustment: Security in the Family System as a Mediating Process (2015) · cites this paper as Cummings & Davies, 1996
EST broadens emotional security beyond specific dyads and treats youth's security as an important goal across multiple family relationships.
“However, EST extends the study of emotional security beyond specific dyadic relationships and posits that youth’s emotional security is a significant goal in relation to multiple family relationships (Cummings & Davies, 1996).”
From Prospective Relations between Family Conflict and Adolescent Maladjustment: Security in the Family System as a Mediating Process (2015) · cites this paper as Cummings & Davies, 1996
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- Authors
- Cummings, E. M., & Davies, P.
- Affiliations
- West Virginia University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Cummings, E. Mark
- Venue
- Development and Psychopathology
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 1996
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 123-139
- ISSN
- 0954-5794 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-2198
- OpenAlex
- W2045268798
- Cited by
- 395
- References
- 76
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 19
- FWCI
- 12.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Development and Psychopathology (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research
- Keywords
- emotional safety, emotion regulation, attachment theory, sense of security, family functioning, child development, psychopathology, marital relationships, parent-child relationship, contextualism, regulatory regimes
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