Effectiveness of the Adolescent Depression Awareness Program (ADAP) on depression literacy and mental health treatment
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Analysis of data from a NIMH‐supported study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the Adolescent Depression Awareness Program (ADAP) in promoting depression literacy and help‐seeking behavior. METHODS: Eighteen Pennsylvania schools were matched on size, sex, race, test scores, median income, and free/reduced lunch status. Schools randomized to the intervention implemented ADAP as a compulsory part of the schools health curriculum, while control schools collected study measures. RESULTS: Post‐randomization analysis revealed no significant differences by sex on the pre‐assessments between intervention and control schools. In the intervention schools, a total of 1427 students received ADAP. Written parental consent and adolescent assent was obtained from 33.7% students. The online REDCap survey was completed by 41.78% of the consenting students. The Adolescent Depression Knowledge Questionnaire (ADKQ) findings suggest that ADAP significantly improved depression knowledge (Est. =1.07, SE =.25, p < .001), compared to those in the control group. ADAP was found to facilitate help‐seeking behavior by student report in those participating in the REDCap survey 4 months following the ADAP curriculum. CONCLUSIONS: Results of the survey suggests that ADAP facilitates help‐seeking behaviors in teens. This study supports the efficacy of a teacher delivered school‐based universal prevention program, ADAP, on depression literacy.
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Five interventions explicitly targeted help-seeking for depression in school-based settings.
“Five interventions explicitly targeted help-seeking for depression in school-based settings their focus being to educate the school population about adolescent depression and thereby encourage help-seeking [94–98].”
School administration issues, the difficulty of obtaining parental consent and attrition rates for the follow-up measures were one of the main difficulties regarding the implementation.
“School administration issues, the difficulty of obtaining parental consent and attrition rates for the follow-up measures were one of the main difficulties regarding the implementation [93, 97, 102, 115].”
Repeated cross-sectional surveys of the Australian general population between 1995 and 2011 noted a meaningful increase (from 39% to 74%) in the proportion of respondents correctly recognising depression from a vignette; however, even though the dominant causes for depression were cited as stress-related, 40% of respondents continued to endorse weakness of character.
“Repeated cross-sectional surveys of the Australian general population 347 between 1995 and 2011 noted a meaningful increase (from 39% to 74%) in the proportion of respondents correctly recognising depression from a vignette; however, even though the dominant causes for depression were cited as stress-related, 40% of respondents continued to endorse weakness of character.”
From Time for united action on depression: a Lancet–World Psychiatric Association Commission (2022) · cites this paper as [347]
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Influential
- Authors
- Beaudry, M. B., Swartz, K., Miller, L., Schweizer, B., Glazer, K., & Wilcox, H.
- Affiliations
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Beaudry, Mary Beth
- Swartz, Karen
- Miller, Leslie
- Schweizer, Barbara
- Glazer, Kara
- Wilcox, Holly
- Venue
- Journal of School Health
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2019-01-15
- Volume
- 89
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 165-172
- ISSN
- 0022-4391 (ISSN-L)
- 1746-1561
- PMC
- PMC6370293
- OpenAlex
- W2909298275
- Cited by
- 33
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 1
- FWCI
- 7.14
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of School Health (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH095855)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Speech and Hearing › School Health and Nursing Education
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Keywords
- adolescent depression, depression literacy, help-seeking, school-based prevention, mental health education, depression knowledge, universal prevention, teacher-delivered intervention, adolescent mental health
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Depression, Female, Health Education, Humans, Male, Pennsylvania, School Health Services, Program Evaluation, Health Literacy
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