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Bias Awareness Predicts Color Conscious Racial Socialization Methods among White Parents
Open accessPublished version of a preprint
Abstract
The majority of White parents in the United States are uncomfortable discussing race with their children and tend to avoid it. When they do discuss race with their children, they often take a color blind approach—in which they emphasize a belief that race does not matter—instead of a color conscious approach—in which they acknowledge race‐related issues. In the current study, we sought to explore the individual difference factors that may be associated with White American parents’ racial socialization practices. Results indicated that parents’ racial bias awareness was associated with greater willingness to discuss race with their children, increased color consciousness, and decreased color blindness; when statistically controlling for their racial attitudes, motivations to respond without prejudice, and interracial contact. The potential impacts of bias awareness interventions on White parents’ racial socialization behaviors are discussed.
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“and shapes how white parents talk, or do not talk, to their children about race (Hagerman, 2018; Perry et al., 2019; Sullivan et al., 2021).”
From Studying Ethnic-Racial Identity among White Youth: White Supremacy as a Developmental Context (2022) · cites this paper as Perry et al., 2019
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Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Perry, S. P., Skinner, A. L., & Abaied, J. L.
- Affiliations
- Northwestern University (US)
- University of Vermont (US)
- Corresponding author
- Perry, Sylvia P.
- Venue
- Journal of Social Issues
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2019-08-25
- Volume
- 75
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 1035-1056
- ISSN
- 0022-4537 (ISSN-L)
- 1540-4560
- OpenAlex
- W2970790366
- Cited by
- 110
- References
- 46
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 4
- FWCI
- 21.63
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- doi.org
- Licence
- public-domain
- onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
- Locations
- Journal of Social Issues (publishedVersion)
- PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints) (submittedVersion, public-domain)
- PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Racial and Ethnic Identity Research
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Critical Race Theory in Education
- Keywords
- racial socialization, white parents, color consciousness, color vision deficiency, interracial contact, racial attitudes, prejudice reduction interventions, individual differences
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