Association between quality of sleep and screen time during the COVID‐19 outbreak among adolescents in the United Arab Emirates
Open accessAbstract
The COVID-19 pandemic had a major impact on people of all ages. Adolescents' exposure to online learning is linked to excessive screen time on digital devices, which leads to poor sleep quality. This study aimed to investigate the association between screen time on different electronic devices and sleep quality among adolescents in the United Arab Emirates. This study was based on a self-reported questionnaire, which was administered online to school-aged adolescents (aged 12-19 years). The multicomponent questionnaire collected information on sociodemographic characteristics, sleep quality using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and screen time (minutes) on TV, TV-connected devices, laptops, smartphones, and tablets on weekdays, weeknight, and weekends using the Screen Time Questionnaire (STQ). Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify factors correlated with poor sleep quality. A total of 1720 adolescents were recruited from private and public schools (mean age 14.6 ± 1.97 years). The mean PSQI score was 8.09 ± 3.37, and 74.3% of participants reported poor sleep (cutoff score >5). Mean scores were highest for the sleep latency (1.85 ± 0.97) and sleep disturbance (1.56 ± 0.62) domains. The highest STQ score was observed for smartphones, with a median screen time of 420 min on weekdays and 300 min on weekends. Screen time related to smartphones on weekends (p = 0.003) and increased screen time in bed (p < 0.001) were significantly associated with poor sleep. Our results confirmed the correlation between sleep and screen time in adolescents. The results may inform educational polices that target screen time and sleep among adolescents during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.
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The effect size of the hypothesis was between 0.101 and 0.168, indicating a medium effect size.
“The results show that the effect size of the hypothesis was between 0.101 and 0.168, indicating that there was a medium effect size (21, 46).”
From Relationship of screen time with anxiety, depression, and sleep quality among adolescents: a cross-sectional study (2024) · cites this paper as [21]
The Data analysis section (2.7; page unavailable) describes regression analyses and significance testing, while the Results section (3.5; page unavailable) reports regression coefficients and p-values. Neither gives an effect-size range of 0.101–0.168 or classifies it as medium; searches for those numbers and effect-size terminology found no supporting passage. (LLM, conf=0.76)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredBootstrap analysis found that the confidence interval was less than 1, indicating that discriminant validity was established.
“However, further analysis was performed using a bootstrap, and it was found that the confidence interval was less than 1, indicating that the discriminant validity was established (21).”
From Relationship of screen time with anxiety, depression, and sleep quality among adolescents: a cross-sectional study (2024) · cites this paper as [21]
The Data analysis section (2.7; page unavailable) describes simple and multiple linear regression, while the pilot results (3.1; page unavailable) report Cronbach’s alpha for reliability. Searches for “bootstrap” and “discriminant validity” found no passage reporting a bootstrapped confidence interval below 1 or a discriminant-validity conclusion. (LLM, conf=0.76)
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- Authors
- Bani‐Issa, W., Radwan, H., Saqan, R., Hijazi, H., Fakhry, R., Alameddine, M., Naja, F., Ibrahim, A., Lin, N., Naing, Y. T., & Awad, M.
- Affiliations
- University of Sharjah (AE)
- Jordan University of Science and Technology (JO)
- Griffith University (AU)
- PAPRSB Institute of Health Sciences Universiti Brunei Darussalam Gadong Brunei
- Asia Pacific University of Technology & Innovation (MY)
- Corresponding author
- Bani‐Issa, Wegdan
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Sleep Research
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2022-06-07
- Volume
- 32
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- e13666-e13666
- ISSN
- 0962-1105 (ISSN-L)
- 1365-2869
- PMC
- PMC9348184
- OpenAlex
- W4281742090
- Cited by
- 30
- References
- 44
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 2
- FWCI
- 5.29
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Sleep Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Impact of Technology on Adolescents
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Keywords
- sleep quality, screen time, adolescents, COVID-19 pandemic, online learning, smartphones, television, sleep latency, sleep disorders, United Arab Emirates
- MeSH terms
- Screen Time, COVID-19, Sleep Quality, Adolescent, Child, Cross-Sectional Studies, Humans, Surveys and Questionnaires, Sleep, United Arab Emirates, Pandemics
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