Astrogliosis and impaired aquaporin‐4 and dystrophin systems in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus
Abstract
Aims: Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is one subtype of dementia that may improve following drainage of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). This prospective observational study explored whether expression of the water channel aquaporin‐4 (AQP4) and the anchoring molecule dystrophin 71 (Dp71) are altered at astrocytic perivascular endfeet and in adjacent neuropil of iNPH patient. Observations were related to measurements of pulsatile and static intracranial pressure (ICP). Methods: The study included iNPH patients undergoing overnight monitoring of the pulsatile/static ICP in whom a biopsy was taken from the frontal cerebral cortex during placement of the ICP sensor. Reference (Ref) biopsies were sampled from 13 patients who underwent brain surgery for epilepsy, tumours or cerebral aneurysms. The brain tissue specimens were examined by light microscopy, immunohistochemistry, densitometry and morphometry. Results: iNPH patients responding to surgery ( n = 44) had elevated pulsatile ICP, indicative of impaired intracranial compliance. As compared to the Ref patients, the cortical biopsies of iNPH patients revealed prominent astrogliosis and reduced expression of AQP4 and Dp71 immunoreactivities in the astrocytic perivascular endfeet and in parts of the adjacent neuropil. There was a significant correlation between degree of astrogliosis and reduction of AQP4 and Dp71 at astrocytic perivascular endfeet. Conclusions: Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus patients responding to CSF diversion present with abnormal pulsatile ICP, indicative of impaired intracranial compliance. A main histopathological finding was astrogliosis and reduction of AQP4 and of Dp71 in astrocytic perivascular endfeet. We propose that the altered AQP4 and Dp71 complex contributes to the subischaemia prevalent in the brain tissue of iNPH.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
AQP4 density and its anchoring protein dystrophin 71 are reduced at astrocytic end feet in iNPH.
“AQP4 density and its anchoring protein dystrophin 71 have been found to be reduced at astrocytic end feet in iNPH (73).”
From Brain-wide glymphatic enhancement and clearance in humans assessed with MRI. (2018) · cites this paper as [73]
Cites
Iliff, J. J., Wang, M., Liao, Y., Plogg, B. A., Peng, W., Gundersen, G. A., Benveniste, H., Vates, G. E., Deane, R., Goldman, S. A., et al. (2012) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.3003748 · Cited by 5,824 · see citing works
Impairment of paravascular clearance pathways in the aging brain
Kress, B. T., Iliff, J. J., Xia, M., Wang, M., Wei, H. S., Zeppenfeld, D., Xie, L., Kang, H., Xu, Q., Liew, J. A., et al. (2014) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.24271 · Cited by 1,521 · see citing works
Uniquely Hominid Features of Adult Human Astrocytes
Oberheim, N. A., Takano, T., Han, X., He, W., Lin, J. H. C., Wang, F., Xu, Q., Wyatt, J. D., Pilcher, W., Ojemann, J. G., et al. (2009) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4707-08.2009 · Cited by 1,488 · see citing works
Cerebral Arterial Pulsation Drives Paravascular CSF–Interstitial Fluid Exchange in the Murine Brain
Iliff, J. J., Wang, M., Zeppenfeld, D. M., Venkataraman, A., Plog, B. A., Liao, Y., Deane, R., & Nedergaard, M. (2013) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1592-13.2013 · Cited by 1,319 · see citing works
Diagnosing Idiopathic Normal-pressure Hydrocephalus
Relkin, N. R., Marmarou, A., Klinge, P. M., Bergsneider, M., & Black, P. M. (2005) · Neurosurgery · doi:10.1227/01.neu.0000168185.29659.c5 · Cited by 1,240 · see citing works
Mathiisen, T. M., Lehre, K. P., Danbolt, N. C., & Ottersen, O. P. (2010) · Glia · doi:10.1002/glia.20990 · Cited by 917 · see citing works
Post-translational disruption of dystroglycan–ligand interactions in congenital muscular dystrophies
Michele, D. E., Barresi, R., Kanagawa, M., Saito, F., Cohn, R. D., Satz, J. S., Dollar, J., Nishino, I., Kelley, R. I., Somer, H., et al. (2002) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature00837 · Cited by 779 · see citing works
Physiological Roles of Aquaporin-4 in Brain
Nagelhus, E. A., & Ottersen, O. P. (2013) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00011.2013 · Cited by 766 · see citing works
Carare, R. O., Bernardes‐Silva, M., Newman, T. A., Page, A. M., Nicoll, J. A. R., Perry, V. H., & Weller, R. O. (2008) · Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2990.2007.00926.x · Cited by 665 · see citing works
Wilhelmsson, U., Bushong, E. A., Price, D. L., Smarr, B. L., Phung, V., Terada, M., Ellisman, M. H., & Pekny, M. (2006) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0602841103 · Cited by 643 · see citing works
Heterogeneity of astrocytic form and function.
Oberheim, N. A., Goldman, S. A., & Nedergaard, M. (2012) · Methods in Molecular Biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-61779-452-0_3 · Cited by 638 · see citing works
Deletion of brain dystroglycan recapitulates aspects of congenital muscular dystrophy
Moore, S. A., Saito, F., Chen, J., Michele, D. E., Henry, M. D., Messing, A., Cohn, R. D., Ross, S. E., Westra, S., Williamson, R. A., et al. (2002) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature00838 · Cited by 574 · see citing works
Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus: A Systematic Review of Diagnosis and Outcome
Hebb, A. O., & Cusimano, M. D. (2001) · Neurosurgery · doi:10.1097/00006123-200111000-00028 · Cited by 500 · see citing works
Nagelhus, E. A., Horio, Y., Inanobe, A., Fujita, A., Haug, F. Š., Nielsen, S., Kurachi, Y., & Ottersen, O. P. (1999) · Glia · doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-1136(199903)26:1 · Cited by 472 · see citing works
(1990) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 463 · see citing works
Marmarou, A., Young, H. F., Aygok, G. A., Sawauchi, S., Tsuji, O., Yamamoto, T., & Dunbar, J. G. (2005) · Journal of neurosurgery · doi:10.3171/jns.2005.102.6.0987 · Cited by 336 · see citing works
Tang-Schomer, M., Johnson, V., Baas, P. W., Stewart, W., & Smith, D. H. (2011) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2011.10.030 · Cited by 330 · see citing works
Impairment of the glymphatic system after diabetes
Jiang, Q., Zhang, L., Ding, G., Davoodi-Bojd, E., Li, Q., Li, L., Sadry, N., Nedergaard, M., Chopp, M., & Zhang, Z. (2017) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism · doi:10.1177/0271678x16654702 · Cited by 308 · see citing works
Glymphatic clearance controls state-dependent changes in brain lactate concentration
Lundgaard, I., Lu, M. L., Yang, E., Peng, W., Mestre, H., Hitomi, E., Deane, R., & Nedergaard, M. (2016) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism · doi:10.1177/0271678x16661202 · Cited by 300 · see citing works
Eid, T., Lee, T.-S. W., Thomas, M. J., Amiry-Moghaddam, M. R., Bjørnsen, L. P., Spencer, D. D., Agre, P. C., Ottersen, O. P., & de Lanerolle, N. C. (2005) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0409308102 · Cited by 285 · see citing works
Reactive gliosis in the pathogenesis of CNS diseases
Pekny, M., & Pekna, M. (2015) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.11.014 · Cited by 276 · see citing works
Eide, P. K., & Sorteberg, W. (2009) · Neurosurgery · doi:10.1227/01.neu.0000363408.69856.b8 · Cited by 261 · see citing works
Self-citationGlial Physiology and Pathophysiology
Verkhratsky, A., & Butt, A. M. (2013) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118402061 · Cited by 257 · see citing works
Prevalence of probable idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus in a Norwegian population
Brean, A., & Eide, P. K. (2008) · Acta Neurologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0404.2007.00982.x · Cited by 257 · see citing works
Self-citationWilcock, D. M., Vitek, M. P., & Colton, C. A. (2009) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.01.023 · Cited by 249 · see citing works
The dystrophin–glycoprotein complex in brain development and disease
Waite, A. J., Brown, S., & Blake, D. J. (2012) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2012.04.004 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
Leinonen, V. (2008) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.65.10.noc80013 · Cited by 199 · see citing works
Implications of the discovery of brain lymphatic pathways
Iliff, J. J., Goldman, S. A., & Nedergaard, M. (2015) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(15)00221-5 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Frydenlund, D. S., Bhardwaj, A., Otsuka, T., Mylonakou, M. N., Yasumura, T., Davidson, K. G. V., Zeynalov, E., Skare, Ø., Laake, P., Haug, F. Š., et al. (2006) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0605796103 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Reactive glial cells: increased stiffness correlates with increased intermediate filament expression
Lu, Y., Iandiev, I., Hollborn, M., Körber, N., Ulbricht, E., Hirrlinger, P. G., Pannicke, T., Wei, E., Bringmann, A., Wolburg, H., et al. (2011) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.10-163790 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Targeted inactivation of dystrophin gene product Dp71: phenotypic impact in mouse retina
Dalloz, C. (2003) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/ddg170 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Bech‐Azeddine, R., Høgh, P., Juhler, M., Gjerris, F., & Waldemar, G. (2006) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.2006.095117 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Hoshi, A., Yamamoto, T., Shimizu, K., Ugawa, Y., Nishizawa, M., Takahashi, H., & Kakita, A. (2012) · Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1097/nen.0b013e3182632566 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Aquaporin Expression in the Brains of Patients With or Without Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy
Moftakhar, P., Lynch, M. D., Pomakian, J., & Vinters, H. V. (2010) · Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1097/nen.0b013e3181fd252c · Cited by 136 · see citing works
A new method for processing of continuous intracranial pressure signals
Eide, P. K. (2005) · Medical Engineering & Physics · doi:10.1016/j.medengphy.2005.09.008 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Self-citationHeuser, K., Eid, T., Lauritzen, F., Thoren, A. E., Vindedal, G. F., Taubøll, E., Gjerstad, L., Spencer, D. D., Ottersen, O. P., Nagelhus, E. A., et al. (2012) · Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1097/nen.0b013e318267b5af · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Human and mouse cortical astrocytes differ in aquaporin-4 polarization toward microvessels
Eidsvaag, V. A., Enger, R., Hansson, H., Eide, P. K., & Nagelhus, E. A. (2017) · Glia · doi:10.1002/glia.23138 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Self-citationMR Elastography Demonstrates Increased Brain Stiffness in Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus
Fattahi, N., Arani, A., Perry, A., Meyer, F. B., Manduca, A., Glaser, K. J., Senjem, M. L., Ehman, R. L., & Huston, J. (2015) · American Journal of Neuroradiology · doi:10.3174/ajnr.a4560 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Eide, P. K., & Sorteberg, W. (2015) · World Neurosurgery · doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2015.09.067 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Self-citationDystrophin‐dependent and ‐independent AQP4 pools are expressed in the mouse brain
Nicchia, G. P., Rossi, A., Nudel, U., Svelto, M., & Frigeri, A. (2008) · Glia · doi:10.1002/glia.20661 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Low-dose acetazolamide reverses periventricular white matter hyperintensities in iNPH
Alperin, N. J., Oliu, C. J., Bagci, A. M., Lee, S. H., Kovanlıkaya, İ., Adams, D. J., Katzen, H., Ivković, M., Heier, L., & Relkin, N. R. (2014) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000000313 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Neuropathological Changes in Chronic Adult Hydrocephalus: Cortical Biopsies and Autopsy Findings
Bigio, M. R. D., Cardoso, E. R., & HALLIDAY, W. C. (1997) · Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques · doi:10.1017/s0317167100021442 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Eide, P. K., & Sorteberg, W. (2007) · Neurological Research · doi:10.1179/016164107x224132 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Self-citationTullberg, M., Blennow, K., Månsson, J., Fredman, P., Tisell, M., & Wikkelsø, C. (2007) · European Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1111/j.1468-1331.2006.01553.x · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Eide, P. K., & Pripp, A. H. (2014) · Fluids and Barriers of the CNS · doi:10.1186/2045-8118-11-19 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Self-citationFactors determining the density of AQP4 water channel molecules at the brain–blood interface
Hoddevik, E. H., Khan, F. H., Rahmani, S., Ottersen, O. P., Boldt, H. B., & Amiry-Moghaddam, M. R. (2016) · Brain Structure and Function · doi:10.1007/s00429-016-1305-y · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Marquez, F., Cisneros, B., Garcia, F., Ceja, V., Velázquez, F., Depardón, F., Cervantes, L., Rendón, Á., Mornet, D., Rosas‐Vargas, H., et al. (2003) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/s0306-4522(03)00063-0 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Ziegelitz, D., Starck, G., Kristiansen, D., Jakobsson, M., Hultenmo, M., Mikkelsen, I. K., Hellström, P., Tullberg, M., & Wikkelsø, C. (2013) · Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging · doi:10.1002/jmri.24292 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Eide, P. K., & Sorteberg, W. (2008) · Acta Neurochirurgica · doi:10.1007/s00701-008-0138-8 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Self-citationEide, P. K. (2016) · Journal of neurosurgery · doi:10.3171/2015.11.jns151529 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Self-citationCortical astrogliosis and increased perivascular aquaporin-4 in idiopathic intracranial hypertension
Eide, P. K., Eidsvaag, V. A., Nagelhus, E. A., & Hansson, H. (2016) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2016.05.024 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Self-citationFunctional Implication of Dp71 in Osmoregulation and Vascular Permeability of the Retina
Sène, A., Tadayoni, R., Pannicke, T., Wurm, A., Mathari, B. E., Bénard, R., Roux, M. J., Yaffe, D., Mornet, D., Reichenbach, A., et al. (2009) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0007329 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Removal of aquaporin-4 from glial and ependymal membranes causes brain water accumulation
Vindedal, G. F., Thoren, A. E., Jensen, V., Klungland, A., Zhang, Y., Holtzman, M. J., Ottersen, O. P., & Nagelhus, E. A. (2016) · Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.mcn.2016.10.004 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Ziegelitz, D., Arvidsson, J., Hellström, P., Tullberg, M., Wikkelsø, C., & Starck, G. (2015) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism · doi:10.1177/0271678x15608521 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Eide, P. K., & Stanišić, M. (2010) · Journal of neurosurgery · doi:10.3171/2009.5.jns09122 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Self-citationde Brouwer, A. P. M., Nabuurs, S. B., Verhaart, I. E. C., Oudakker, A. R., Hordijk, R., Yntema, H. G., Hordijk-Hos, J. M., Voesenek, K., Vries, B. B. A. D., van Essen, T. A. J., et al. (2013) · European Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1038/ejhg.2013.169 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Dystrophin Dp71 gene deletion induces retinal vascular inflammation and capillary degeneration
Mathari, B. E., Sène, A., Charles‐Messance, H., Vacca, O., Guillonneau, X., Grépin, C., Sennlaub, F., Sahel, J., Rendón, Á., & Tadayoni, R. (2015) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/ddv132 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Lack of dystrophin results in abnormal cerebral diffusion and perfusion in vivo
Goodnough, C. L., Gao, Y., Li, X., Qutaish, M. Q., Goodnough, L. H., Molter, J. P., Wilson, D. L., Flask, C. A., & Yu, X. (2014) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.08.053 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Skjolding, A. D., HOLST, A., Broholm, H., Laursen, H. B., & Juhler, M. (2012) · Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2990.2012.01275.x · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Calcagni, M. L., Taralli, S., Mangiola, A., Indovina, L., Lavalle, M., BONIS, P. D., Anile, C., & Giordano, A. (2013) · Clinical Nuclear Medicine · doi:10.1097/rlu.0b013e31828e949b · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Vacca, O., Charles‐Messance, H., Mathari, B. E., Sène, A., Barbe, P., Fouquet, S., Aragón, J., Darche, M., Giocanti‐Auregan, A., Pâques, M., et al. (2016) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/ddw159 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Olfactory bulb volume in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus
Podlesek, D., Leimert, M., Schuster, B., Gerber, J. C., Schackert, G., Kirsch, M., & Hummel, T. R. (2012) · Neuroradiology · doi:10.1007/s00234-012-1050-8 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Pavlin, T., Nagelhus, E. A., Brekken, C., Eyjolfsson, E. M., Thoren, A., Haraldseth, O., Sonnewald, U., Ottersen, O. P., & Haberg, A. K. (2016) · Neurochemical Research · doi:10.1007/s11064-016-2139-y · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 64 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The glymphatic pathway in neurological disorders.
Rasmussen, M. K., Mestre, H., & Nedergaard, M. (2018) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(18)30318-1 · Cited by 1,560 · see citing works
Rasmussen, M. K., Mestre, H., & Nedergaard, M. (2021) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00031.2020 · Cited by 622 · see citing works
Brain-wide glymphatic enhancement and clearance in humans assessed with MRI.
Ringstad, G., Valnes, L. M., Dale, A. M., Pripp, A. H., Vatnehol, S.-A. S., Emblem, K. E., Mardal, K.-A., & Eide, P. K. (2018) · JCI Insight · doi:10.1172/jci.insight.121537 · Cited by 533 · see citing works
Self-citationEide, P. K., & Ringstad, G. A. (2018) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism · doi:10.1177/0271678x18760974 · Cited by 234 · see citing works
Self-citationGomolka, R. S., Hablitz, L. M., Mestre, H., Giannetto, M. J., Du, T., Hauglund, N. L., Xie, L., Peng, W., Martinez, P. M., Nedergaard, M., et al. (2023) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.82232 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
Boespflug, E. L., & Iliff, J. J. (2017) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.11.031 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Pathogenesis and pathophysiology of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus
Wang, Z., Zhang, Y., Hu, F., Ding, J., & Wang, X. (2020) · CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/cns.13526 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Dystrophin Dp71 and the Neuropathophysiology of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Naidoo, M. D. E., & Anthony, K. (2019) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-019-01845-w · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Intracranial Effects of Microgravity: A Prospective Longitudinal MRI Study
Kramer, L. A., Hasan, K. M., Stenger, M. B., Sargsyan, A., Laurie, S. S., Otto, C., Ploutz-Snyder, R. J., Marshall-Goebel, K., Riascos, R. F., & Macias, B. R. (2020) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiol.2020191413 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Loss of perivascular aquaporin‐4 in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus
Hasan‐Olive, M. M., Enger, R., Hansson, H., Nagelhus, E. A., & Eide, P. K. (2018) · Glia · doi:10.1002/glia.23528 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Self-citationLindstrøm, E. K., Ringstad, G. A., Mardal, K., & Eide, P. K. (2018) · NeuroImage Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2018.09.006 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Self-citationA clinical primer for the glymphatic system
Carlstrom, L. P., Eltanahy, A. M., Perry, A., Rabinstein, A. A., Elder, B. D., Morris, J. M., Meyer, F. B., Graffeo, C. S., Lundgaard, I., & Burns, T. C. (2021) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awab428 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Sun, C., Lin, L., Yin, L., Hao, X., Tian, J., Zhang, X., Ren, Y., Li, C., & Yang, Y. (2022) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.870029 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Glymphatic System Pathology and Neuroinflammation as Two Risk Factors of Neurodegeneration
Szlufik, S., Kopeć, K., Szleszkowski, S., & Koziorowski, D. (2024) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells13030286 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Eide, P. K., Lashkarivand, A., Pripp, A. H., Valnes, L. M., Hovd, M. H., Ringstad, G. A., Blennow, K., & Zetterberg, H. (2023) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-023-37685-5 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Self-citationTan, C., Wang, X., Wang, Y.-C., Wang, C., Tang, Z., Zhang, Z., Liu, J., & Xiao, G. (2021) · Clinical Interventions in Aging · doi:10.2147/cia.s290709 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
The Human Visual Pathway Communicates Directly With the Subarachnoid Space
Jacobsen, H. H., Ringstad, G. A., Jørstad, Ø. K., Moe, M. C., Sandell, T., & Eide, P. K. (2019) · Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science · doi:10.1167/iovs.19-26997 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Self-citationEide, P. K., Pripp, A. H., & Ringstad, G. A. (2020) · Brain Communications · doi:10.1093/braincomms/fcaa187 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Self-citationAquaporin-4 and Cognitive Disorders
Wang, Y., Huang, C., Guo, Q., & Chu, H. (2022) · Aging and disease · doi:10.14336/ad.2021.0731 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Verghese, J. P., Terry, A., de Natale, E. R., & Politis, M. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm11236964 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Li, X., Xie, Z., Zhou, Q., Tan, X., Meng, W., Pang, Y., Huang, L., Ding, Z., Hu, Y., Li, R., et al. (2023) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-023-03636-w · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Bonney, P. A., Briggs, R. G., Wu, K., Choi, W., Khahera, A. S., Ojogho, B., Shao, X., Zhao, Z., Borzage, M., Wang, D. J. J., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2022.866313 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Effects of spaceflight on the brain
Seidler, R. D., Mao, X. W., Tays, G. D., Wang, T., & zu Eulenburg, P. (2024) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(24)00224-2 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Blood-brain barrier leakage of blood proteins in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus
Eide, P. K., & Hansson, H. (2019) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146547 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Self-citationEide, P. K., Lashkarivand, A., Hagen-Kersten, Å. A., Gjertsen, Ø., Nedregaard, B., Sletteberg, R., Løvland, G., Vatnehol, S. A. S., Pripp, A. H., Valnes, L. M., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2022.857328 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Self-citationIon Channel Dysfunction in Astrocytes in Neurodegenerative Diseases
Wang, S., Wang, B., Shang, D., Zhang, K., Yan, X., & Zhang, X. (2022) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2022.814285 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Sun, Y.-R., Lv, Q.-K., Liu, J., Wang, F., & Liu, C. (2025) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2025.106791 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction in Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension
Hasan‐Olive, M. M., Hansson, H., Enger, R., Nagelhus, E. A., & Eide, P. K. (2019) · Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1093/jnen/nlz063 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Self-citationHasan‐Olive, M. M., Enger, R., Hansson, H., Nagelhus, E. A., & Eide, P. K. (2019) · Fluids and Barriers of the CNS · doi:10.1186/s12987-019-0160-7 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Self-citationDrainage of senescent astrocytes from brain via meningeal lymphatic routes
Li, Q., Chen, Y., Feng, W., Cai, J., Gao, J., Ge, F., Zhou, T., Wang, Z., Ding, F., Marshall, C., et al. (2022) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2022.04.005 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Glymphatic System Dysfunction in Central Nervous System Diseases and Mood Disorders
Zhang, D., Li, X., & Li, B. (2022) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2022.873697 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Assessment of factors influencing glymphatic activity and implications for clinical medicine
Gędek, A., Koziorowski, D., & Szlufik, S. (2023) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2023.1232304 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Arighi, A., Cristofori, A. D., Fenoglio, C., Borsa, S., D’Anca, M., Fumagalli, G., Locatelli, M., Carrabba, G. G., Pietroboni, A. M., Ghezzi, L., et al. (2019) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-190119 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Eide, P. K., Hasan‐Olive, M. M., Hansson, H., & Enger, R. (2020) · Journal of Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1002/jnr.24743 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Self-citationLiu, C., Chen, Y., Cui, W., Cao, Y. L., Zhao, L., Wang, H., Liu, X., Fan, S., Huang, K., Tong, A., et al. (2021) · Cell Proliferation · doi:10.1111/cpr.13108 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Eide, P. K., & Hansson, H. (2022) · Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnmol.2022.900057 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Self-citationPramotton, F. M., Spitz, S., & Kamm, R. D. (2024) · Advanced Science · doi:10.1002/advs.202403892 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
AQP4, Astrogenesis, and Hydrocephalus: A New Neurological Perspective
Castañeyra-Ruiz, L., González-Marrero, I., Hernández-Abad, L. G., Lee, S., Castañeyra-Perdomo, A., & Muhonen, M. G. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms231810438 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Distribution Patterns of Astrocyte Populations in the Human Cortex
Forrest, S. L., Kim, J. H., Crockford, D. R., Huynh, K., Cheong, R., Knott, S., Kane, M. A., Ittner, L. M., Halliday, G. M., & Kril, J. J. (2022) · Neurochemical Research · doi:10.1007/s11064-022-03700-2 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Role of aquaporins in hydrocephalus: what do we know and where do we stand? A systematic review
de Laurentis, C., Cristaldi, P. M. F., Arighi, A., Cavandoli, C., Trezza, A., Sganzerla, E. P., Giussani, C. G., & Cristofori, A. D. (2020) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/s00415-020-10122-z · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Novel therapeutics for hydrocephalus: Insights from animal models
Wang, C., Wang, X., Tan, C., Wang, Y.-C., Tang, Z., Zhang, Z., Liu, J., & Xiao, G. (2021) · CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/cns.13695 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Liu, R., Collier, J. M., Abdul‐Rahman, N., Capuk, O., Zhang, Z., & Begum, G. (2024) · Aging and Disease · doi:10.14336/ad.2023.1201 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Jacobsen, H. H., Sandell, T., Jørstad, Ø. K., Moe, M. C., Ringstad, G. A., & Eide, P. K. (2020) · Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science · doi:10.1167/iovs.61.13.24 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Self-citationDystrophin deficiency affects human astrocyte properties and response to damage
Lange, J., Gillham, O., Alkharji, R. R., Eaton, S. D., Ferrari, G., Madej, M. J., Flower, M. D., Tedesco, F. S., Francesco Muntoni, A., & Ferretti, P. (2021) · Glia · doi:10.1002/glia.24116 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Copy number loss in SFMBT1 is common among Finnish and Norwegian patients with iNPH
Korhonen, V. E., Helisalmi, S., Jokinen, A., Jokinen, I., Lehtola, J.-M., Oinas, M., Lönnrot, K., Avellan, C., Kotkansalo, A., Frantzén, J., et al. (2018) · Neurology Genetics · doi:10.1212/nxg.0000000000000291 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Self-citationKidins220 deficiency causes ventriculomegaly via SNX27-retromer-dependent AQP4 degradation
del Puerto, A., Pose‐Utrilla, J., Simón‐García, A., López‐Menéndez, C., Jimenez, A. J., Porlan, E., Pajuelo, L. S. M., Cano-García, G., Martí-Prado, B., Sebastián‐Serrano, Á., et al. (2021) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-021-01127-9 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Zhao, Z., He, J., Chen, Y., Wang, Y.-C., Wang, C., Tan, C., Liao, J., & Xiao, G. (2022) · Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnmol.2022.952036 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Wittrahm, R., Takalo, M., Kuulasmaa, T., Mäkinen, P. M., Mäkinen, P., Končarević, S., Fartzdinov, V., Selzer, S., Kokkola, T., Antikainen, L., et al. (2023) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106140 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
He, Z., & Sun, J. (2025) · Cognitive Neurodynamics · doi:10.1007/s11571-025-10298-y · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Neuroinflammatory Response in Chronic Hydrocephalus in Juvenile Rats
Olopade, F. E., Shokunbi, M. T., Azeez, I. A., Andrioli, A., Scambi, I., & Bentivoglio, M. (2019) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.08.049 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
The role of astrocytes in the glymphatic network: a narrative review
Das, N., Dhamija, R., & Sarkar, S. (2023) · Metabolic Brain Disease · doi:10.1007/s11011-023-01327-y · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Weiner, S., Junkkari, A., Sauer, M., Luikku, A. J., Rauramaa, T. H., Kokkola, T., Herukka, S., Blennow, K., Zetterberg, H., Leinonen, V., et al. (2023) · Fluids and Barriers of the CNS · doi:10.1186/s12987-023-00440-5 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Eide, P. K., & Ringstad, G. A. (2019) · Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine · doi:10.1177/2333721419889739 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Self-citationEidsvaag, V. A., Hansson, H., Heuser, K., Nagelhus, E. A., & Eide, P. K. (2017) · Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1093/jnen/nlx091 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Self-citationMolecular Mechanisms and Risk Factors for the Pathogenesis of Hydrocephalus
Li, J., Zhang, X., GUO, J. X., Chen, Y., & Yang, J. (2022) · Frontiers in Genetics · doi:10.3389/fgene.2021.777926 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Eide, P. K. (2022) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2022.981399 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Self-citationReview of theories into the pathogenesis of normal pressure hydrocephalus
Mani, R. M., Basem, J. I., Yang, L. K., Fiore, S., Djurić, P. M., & Egnor, M. R. (2024) · BMJ Neurology Open · doi:10.1136/bmjno-2024-000804 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Rewiring of the glymphatic landscape in metabolic disorders
Chen, B., Meseguer, D., Lenck, S., Thomas, J., & Schneeberger, M. (2024) · Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.tem.2024.11.005 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Ma, D., & Zhang, H. (2025) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2025.11.018 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Hiraldo-González, L., Trillo-Contreras, J. L., García‐Miranda, P., Sánchez, R. P., Ramírez‐Lorca, R., Rodrigo‐Herrero, S., Blanco, M. O., Oliver, M., Bernal, M., Macías, E. F., et al. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0258165 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers for normal pressure hydrocephalus
Kaya, D., & Işık, A. T. (2023) · Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.bionps.2023.100071 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Yang, F., Yang, L., Fang, X., Deng, Y., Mao, R., Yan, A., & Wei, W. (2023) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-221180 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Rzepka, Z., Rok, J., Kowalska, J., Banach, K., Hermanowicz, J. M., Beberok, A., Sieklucka, B., Gryko, D., & Wrześniok, D. M. (2020) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells9102261 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Glymphatic system and post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus
Ye, F., Keep, R. F., Hua, Y., Garton, H. J. L., & Xi, G. (2022) · Brain Hemorrhages · doi:10.1016/j.hest.2022.06.001 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Research on the Glial–Lymphatic System and Its Relationship With Alzheimer’s Disease
Ding, D., Wang, X., Li, Q., Li, L., & Wu, J. W. (2021) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2021.605586 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Novel therapeutic modulators of astrocytes for hydrocephalus
Yang, Y., Wang, C., Chen, R., Wang, Y.-C., Tan, C., Liu, J., Zhang, Q., & Xiao, G. (2022) · Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnmol.2022.932955 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Functional abnormalities of the glymphatic system in cognitive disorders
Shentu, W., Kong, Q., Zhang, Y., Li, W., Chen, Q., Yan, S., Wang, J., Lai, Q., Qi, X., & Qiao, S. (2025) · Neural Regeneration Research · doi:10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-24-01049 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Increasing brain N‐acetylneuraminic acid alleviates hydrocephalus‐induced neurological deficits
Wang, Z., Nie, X., Gao, F., Tang, Y., Ma, Y., Zhang, Y., Gao, Y., Yang, C., Ding, J., & Wang, X. (2023) · CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/cns.14253 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Hydrocephalus Revisited: New Insights into Dynamics of Neurofluids on Macro- and Microscales
Ludwig, H. C., Bock, H. C., Gärtner, J., Schiller, S. A., Frahm, J., & Dreha‐Kulaczewski, S. F. (2021) · Neuropediatrics · doi:10.1055/s-0041-1731981 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Interplay between gut Microbiome and glymphatic system in cognitive function and memory regulation
Alavian, F., & Hajimohammadi, A. (2025) · Molecular Biology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11033-025-11129-3 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Hänninen, J. J., Nakajima, M., Vanninen, A., Hytönen, S., Rummukainen, J. K., Koivisto, A. M., Jääskeläinen, J. E., Soininen, H. S., Sutela, A., Vanninen, R. L., et al. (2021) · Free Neuropathology · doi:10.17879/freeneuropathology-2022-3331 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Neurosurgery and the glymphatic system
Eide, P. K. (2024) · Acta Neurochirurgica · doi:10.1007/s00701-024-06161-4 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Self-citationGenetic and molecular mechanisms of hydrocephalus
Deng, X., Chen, Y., Duan, Q., Ding, J., Wang, Z., Wang, J. D., Chen, X., Zhou, L., & Zhao, L. (2025) · Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnmol.2024.1512455 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Adult Hydrocephalus and the Glymphatic System
Eide, P. K. (2025) · Neurosurgery Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.nec.2024.11.002 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Self-citationCovert cerebrospinal fluid dynamics dysfunction: evolution from conventional to innovative therapies
Xu, Y. X., Yin, H., Li, L., Wang, X., & Hou, Q. (2025) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2025.1554813 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Novel concepts in the pathogenesis of hydrocephalus
Figueiredo, M. V. D., Alexiou, G. Α., Laube, K. A. C., Manfroi, G., & Rehder, R. (2023) · Child s Nervous System · doi:10.1007/s00381-023-05891-7 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Li, X., Tan, X., Zhou, Q., Xie, Z., Meng, W., Pang, Y., Huang, L., Ding, Z., Hu, Y., Li, R., et al. (2023) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.04.017 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Massoud, A. T., Noltensmeyer, D. A., Juranek, J. J., Cox, C. S., Velasquez, F. C., Zhu, B., Sevick-Muraca, E. M., & Shah, M. N. (2025) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-025-04692-0 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Aquaporin 4 Mediates the Effect of Iron Overload on Hydrocephalus After Intraventricular Hemorrhage
Li, Y., Ding, N., Liu, R., Li, J., Zhang, Z., Deng, J., Zhang, Y., Yan, Z., Hou, C., Yao, E., et al. (2023) · Neurocritical Care · doi:10.1007/s12028-023-01746-w · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Is there a spinal tap responder in progressive supranuclear palsy? The first prospective study
Ohara, M., Hattori, T., Chen, Q., Shimano, K., Hirata, K., Matsui, M., & Yokota, T. (2024) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/s00415-024-12391-4 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Bubeníková, A., Procházka, V., Vacínek, D., Haratek, K., Skalický, P., Laczó, M., Laczó, J., Vlasák, A., Leško, R., Mládek, A., et al. (2025) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp-2025-336076 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Aquaporin-4 Mediates Permanent Brain Alterations in a Mouse Model of Hypoxia-Aged Hydrocephalus
Trillo-Contreras, J. L., Toledo‐Aral, J. J., Villadiego, J., & Echevarrı́a, M. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22189745 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Tish, M. M., Voss, N. A., Bertolli, A. X., Klimara, M. J., Smith, R. J., Thedens, D. R., Allamargot, C., Hefti, M. M., Howard, M. A., Aldridge, G. M., et al. (2024) · eNeuro · doi:10.1523/eneuro.0412-24.2024 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Costa, M. L., Martinez, D. C., Chen, H. A., Colasurdo, M., & Kan, P. T. M. (2025) · Journal of neurosurgery · doi:10.3171/2024.12.jns2420 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Dabija, M., Tătaru, C., Dumitru, A., Munteanu, O., Radoi, M., Ciurea, A., & Petrescu, I. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms262311444 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Ryst, J. E. D., Bergström, S., Mravinacová, S., Bäckström, D. C., Qvarlander, S., Månberg, A., Eklund, A., & Malm, J. (2026) · Fluids and Barriers of the CNS · doi:10.1186/s12987-026-00809-2 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Porru, E., Edström, E., Arvidsson, L., Terander, A. E., Fletcher‐Sandersjöö, A., Lövgren‐Sandblom, A., Hansson, M. E. A., Duell, F., & Björkhem, I. (2022) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci12111450 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Novel insights into non-coding RNAs and their role in hydrocephalus
Cui, Z., He, J., Li, A., Wang, J., Yang, Y., Wang, K., Liu, Z., Ouyang, Q., Su, Z., Hu, P., et al. (2024) · Neural Regeneration Research · doi:10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-24-00963 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Water exchange across the blood–CSF barrier: A systematic review
Hjørnevik, T., & Eide, P. K. (2026) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism · doi:10.1177/0271678x251413926 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citationMani, R. M., Basem, J. I., Yang, L. K., Abdolmaleki, N. S., Ravishankar, A., Fiore, S., Djurić, P. M., & Egnor, M. R. (2025) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2025.1591275 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Sun, C., Li, C., Lin, L., Yin, L., Li, J., Ren, Y., Tang, W., & Yang, Y. (2025) · Translational Stroke Research · doi:10.1007/s12975-025-01373-x · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Application of LRG mechanism in normal pressure hydrocephalus
Ma, L., Wang, W., Zhao, Y., Liu, M., Ye, W., & Li, X. (2023) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23940 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Pathophysiology of Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus
Lee, J. J., & Baik, J. S. (2024) · Journal of the Korean Neurological Association · doi:10.17340/jkna.2024.0030 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Hua, X., Zhang, H., Fan, W., Deng, H., Deng, J., & Lin, F. (2026) · Neuroradiology · doi:10.1007/s00234-026-03990-1 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
The Causal Effect of Gut Microbiota on the Development of Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus
Zhang, H., Mao, W., & Zhang, Y. (2023) · World Neurosurgery · doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2023.11.024 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Gallina, P., Scollato, A., Nicoletti, C., & Lolli, F. (2019) · Journal of neurosurgery · doi:10.3171/2019.6.jns191758 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Bogomyakova, O. B., Сергеевна, В. Г., Stankevich, Y. A., Черевко, А. А., & Тулупов, А. А. (2025) · Diagnostic radiology and radiotherapy · doi:10.22328/2079-5343-2024-15-4-57-66 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Inflammatory protein profiles and shunt response in iNPH
Braun, M., Ekblom, M., Freyhult, E., Åberg, M., Nyholm, D., Kultima, K., & Virhammar, J. (2026) · Fluids and Barriers of the CNS · doi:10.1186/s12987-025-00751-9 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Eide, P. K., & Ringstad, G. A. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-97928-1_4 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationSISTEMA GLINFÁTICO E A FISIOPATOLOGIA DA HIDROCEFALIA DE PRESSÃO NORMAL IDIOPÁTICA – ESTADO DE ARTE
Kochhann, E. V., Bezerra, C. A., Peloso, E. C. S., Oliveira, Ê. Á., Oliveira, F. S., Alvarenga, G. H. F., Campos, L. E. D. F., Pereira, L. N., Rocha, C. M., & Cherain, L. G. G. (2022) · RECIMA21 - Revista Científica Multidisciplinar · doi:10.47820/recima21.v3i2.1138
- Authors
- Eide, P. K., & Hansson, H. ‐.
- Affiliations
- Oslo University Hospital (NO)
- University of Gothenburg (SE)
- Corresponding author
- Eide, P. K.
- Venue
- Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2017-07-19
- Volume
- 44
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 474-490
- ISSN
- 0305-1846 (ISSN-L)
- 1365-2990
- OpenAlex
- W2664710281
- Cited by
- 119
- References
- 64
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 2
- FWCI
- 3.35
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Stiftelserna Wilhelm och Martina Lundgrens
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Cerebrospinal fluid and hydrocephalus
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Ion Transport and Channel Regulation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular Disturbances
- Keywords
- idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus, astrocyte activation, aquaporin-4, intracranial compliance, cerebrospinal fluid drainage
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Female, Gliosis, Humans, Hydrocephalus, Normal Pressure, Male, Middle Aged, Dystrophin, Aquaporin 4
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review