CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 638Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology ResearchNeuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration MechanismsNeurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms

Heterogeneity of astrocytic form and function.

Open access
Oberheim, Nancy Ann, Goldman, Steven A., Nedergaard, Maiken·2012·Methods in Molecular Biology
DOI 10.1007/978-1-61779-452-0_3PMC PMC3506190
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Astrocytes participate in all essential CNS functions, including blood flow regulation, energy metabolism, ion and water homeostasis, immune defence, neurotransmission, and adult neurogenesis. It is thus not surprising that astrocytic morphology and function differ between regions, and that different subclasses of astrocytes exist within the same brain region. Recent lines of work also show that the complexity of protoplasmic astrocytes increases during evolution. Human astrocytes are structurally more complex, larger, and propagate calcium signals significantly faster than rodent astrocytes. In this chapter, we review the diversity of astrocytic form and function, while considering the markedly expanded roles of astrocytes with phylogenetic evolution. We also define major challenges for the future, which include determining how astrocytic functions are locally specified, defining the molecular controls upon astrocytic fate and physiology and establishing how evolutionary changes in astrocytes contribute to higher cognitive functions.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1007/978-1-61779-452-0_3

Cites

11 of 11 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Mature astrocytes represent heterogeneous populations.

    “mature astrocytes represent heterogeneous populations (Oberheim et al., 2012)”

    From Astrocytes in fragile X syndrome (2024) · cites this paper as Oberheim et al., 2012

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 130

  1. [1]Virchow RLK Die cellularpathologie in ihrer begründung auf physiologische und pathologische gewebelehre 1858 A. Hirschwald Berlin 21513178
  2. [5]Andriezen WL The neuroglia elements of the brain. BMJ 1893 2 227 230 PMC2422013 20754383
  3. [6]Cajal R Histology of the Nervous System of Man and Vertebrates 1897 Oxford University Press Oxford
  4. [7]Kettenmann H Verkhratsky A Neuroglia: the 150 years after Trends Neurosci 2008 31 653 659 18945498
  5. [8]Oberheim NA Takano T Han X He W Lin JH Wang F Xu Q Wyatt JD Pilcher W Ojemann JG Ransom BR Goldman SA Nedergaard M Uniquely hominid features of adult human astrocytes J Neurosci 2009 29 3276 3287 19279265 PMC2819812
  6. [9]Oberheim NA Wang X Goldman S Nedergaard M Astrocytic complexity distinguishes the human brain Trends Neurosci 2006 29 547 553 16938356
  7. [10]Nishiyama A Watanabe M Yang Z Bu J Identity, distribution, and development of polydendrocytes: NG2-expressing glial cells J Neurocytol 2002 31 437 455 14501215
  8. [11]Eng LF Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP): the major protein of glial intermediate filaments in differentiated astrocytes J Neuroimmunol 1985 8 203 214 2409105
  9. [12]Kimelberg HK The problem of astrocyte identity Neurochem Int 2004 45 191 202 15145537
  10. [13]Mishima T Hirase H In vivo intracellular recording suggests that gray matter astrocytes in mature cerebral cortex and hippocampus are electrophysiologically homo geneous J Neurosci 2010 30 3093 3100 20181606 PMC6633951
  11. [15]Chojnacki AK Mak GK Weiss S Identity crisis for adult periventricular neural stem cells: subventricular zone astrocytes, ependymal cells or both? Nat Rev Neurosci 2009 10 153 163 19153578
  12. [16]Matyash V Kettenmann H Heterogeneity in astrocyte morphology and physiology Brain Res Rev 2009 20005253
  13. [17]Emsley JG Macklis JD Astroglial heterogeneity closely reflects the neuronal-defined anatomy of the adult murine CNS Neuron Glia Biol 2006 2 175 186 17356684 PMC1820889
  14. [18]Bushong EA Martone ME Jones YZ Ellisman MH Protoplasmic astrocytes in CA1 stratum radiatum occupy separate anatomical domains J Neurosci 2002 22 183 192 11756501 PMC6757596
  15. [19]Ogata K Kosaka T Structural and quantitative analysis of astrocytes in the mouse hippocampus Neuroscience 2002 113 221 233 12123700
  16. [21]Halassa MM Fellin T Takano H Dong JH Haydon PG Synaptic islands defined by the territory of a single astrocyte J Neurosci 2007 27 6473 6477 17567808 PMC6672436
  17. [22]Oberheim NA Tian GF Han X Peng W Takano T Ransom B Nedergaard M Loss of astrocytic domain organization in the epileptic brain J Neurosci 2008 28 3264 3276 18367594 PMC6670598
  18. [23]Hsiao K Chapman P Nilsen S Eckman C Harigaya Y Younkin S Yang F Cole G Correlative memory deficits, Abeta elevation, and amyloid plaques in transgenic mice Science 1996 274 99 102 8810256
  19. [24]Ransom BR Sontheimer H The neurophysiology of glial cells J Clin Neurophysiol 1992 9 224 251 1375603
  20. [25]Lin SC Bergles DE Synaptic signaling between neurons and glia Glia 2004 47 290 298 15252819
  21. [26]Kuffler SW Nicholls JG Orkand RK Physiological properties of glial cells in the central nervous system of amphibia J Neurophysiol 1966 29 768 787 5966434
  22. [27]Orkand RK Nicholls JG Kuffler SW Effect of nerve impulses on the membrane potential of glial cells in the central nervous system of amphibia J Neurophysiol 1966 29 788 806 5966435
  23. [28]Butt AM Kalsi A Inwardly rectifying potassium channels (Kir) in central nervous system glia: a special role for Kir4.1 in glial functions J Cell Mol Med 2006 10 33 44 16563220 PMC3933100
  24. [29]Seifert G Huttmann K Binder DK Hartmann C Wyczynski A Neusch C Steinhauser C Analysis of astroglial K+ channel expression in the developing hippocampus reveals a predominant role of the Kir4.1 subunit J Neurosci 2009 29 7474 7488 19515915 PMC6665420
  25. [30]Kofuji P Ceelen P Zahs KR Surbeck LW Lester HA Newman EA Genetic inactivation of an inwardly rectifying potassium channel (Kir4.1 subunit) in mice: phenotypic impact in retina J Neurosci 2000 20 5733 5740 10908613 PMC2410027
  26. [31]Neusch C Papadopoulos N Muller M Maletzki I Winter SM Hirrlinger J Handschuh M Bahr M Richter DW Kirchhoff F Hulsmann S Lack of the Kir4.1 channel subunit abolishes K+ buffering properties of astrocytes in the ventral respiratory group: impact on extracellular K+ regulation J Neurophysiol 2006 95 1843 1852 16306174
  27. [32]Olsen ML Campbell SL Sontheimer H Differential distribution of Kir4.1 in spinal cord astrocytes suggests regional differences in K+ homeostasis J Neurophysiol 2007 98 786 793 17581847 PMC2040512
  28. [33]Muller T Fritschy JM Grosche J Pratt GD Mohler H Kettenmann H Developmental regulation of voltagegated K+ channel and GABAA receptor expression in Bergmann glial cells J Neurosci 1994 14 2503 2514 8182424 PMC6577460
  29. [34]Nishiyama A Lin XH Giese N Heldin CH Stallcup WB Co-localization of NG2 proteoglycan and PDGF alpha-receptor on O2A progenitor cells in the developing rat brain J Neurosci Res 1996 43 299 314 8714519
  30. [35]Roy NS Wang S Harrison-Restelli C Benraiss A Fraser RA Gravel M Braun PE Goldman SA Identification, isolation, and promoter-defined separation of mitotic oligodendrocyte progenitor cells from the adult human subcortical white matter J Neurosci 1999 19 9986 9995 10559406 PMC6782951
  31. [36]Nishiyama A Komitova M Suzuki R Zhu X Polydendrocytes (NG2 cells): multifunctional cells with lineage plasticity Nat Rev Neurosci 2009 10 9 22 19096367
  32. [37]Nunes MC Roy NS Keyoung HM Goodman RR McKhann G Jiang L Kang J Nedergaard M Goldman SA Identification and isolation of multipotential neural progenitor cells from the sub-cortical white matter of the adult human brain Nature Medicine 2003 9 439 447 12627226
  33. [38]Sim FJ McClain CR Schanz SJ Protack TL Windrem MS Goldman SA CD140a identifies a population of highly myelinogenic, migration-competent and efficiently engrafting human oligodendrocyte progenitor cells Nature biotechnology 2011 29 934 941 PMC3365580 21947029
  34. [39]Kukley M Capetillo-Zarate E Dietrich D Vesicular glutamate release from axons in white matter Nat Neurosci 2007 10 311 320 17293860
  35. [40]Bergles DE Roberts JD Somogyi P Jahr CE Glutamatergic synapses on oligodendrocyte precursor cells in the hippocampus Nature 2000 405 187 191 10821275
  36. [41]Ge WP Yang XJ Zhang Z Wang HK Shen W Deng QD Duan S Long-term potentiation of neuron-glia synapses mediated by Ca2+–permeable AMPA receptors Science 2006 312 1533 1537 16763153
  37. [42]Ziskin JL Nishiyama A Rubio M Fukaya M Bergles DE Vesicular release of glutamate from unmyelinated axons in white matter Nat Neurosci 2007 10 321 330 17293857 PMC2140234
  38. [43]Karadottir R Hamilton NB Bakiri Y Attwell D Spiking and nonspiking classes of oligodendrocyte precursor glia in CNS white matter Nat Neurosci 2008 11 450 456 18311136 PMC2615224
  39. [44]Chittajallu R Aguirre A Gallo V NG2-positive cells in the mouse white and grey matter display distinct physiological properties J Physiol 2004 561 109 122 15358811 PMC1665337
  40. [45]Karram K Goebbels S Schwab M Jennissen K Seifert G Steinhauser C Nave KA Trotter J NG2-expressing cells in the nervous system revealed by the NG2-EYFP-knockin mouse Genesis 2008 46 743 757 18924152
  41. [46]Sim F Lang J Waldau B Roy N Schwartz T Chandross K Natesan S Merrill J Goldman SA Complementary patterns of gene expression by adult human oligodendrocyte progenitor cells and their white matter environment. Ann. Neurology 2006 59 763 779 16634042
  42. [47]Sim FJ Windrem MS Goldman SA Fate determination of adult human glial progenitor cells Neuron Glia Biol 2009 5 45 55 19807941
  43. [48]Windrem MS Nunes MC Rashbaum WK Schwartz TH Goodman RA McKhann G Roy NS Goldman SA Fetal and adult human oligodendrocyte progenitor cell isolates myelinate the congenitally dysmyelinated brain Nature Medicine 2004 10 93 97 14702638
  44. [50]Guo F Ma J McCauley E Bannerman P Pleasure D Early postnatal proteolipid promoter-expressing progenitors produce multilineage cells in vivo J Neurosci 2009 29 7256 7270 19494148 PMC2717630
  45. [51]Zhu X Bergles DE Nishiyama A NG2 cells generate both oligodendrocytes and gray matter astrocytes Development 2008 135 145 157 18045844
  46. [52]Zhu X Hill RA Nishiyama A NG2 cells generate oligodendrocytes and gray matter astrocytes in the spinal cord Neuron Glia Biol 2008 4 19 26 19006598
  47. [53]Rivers LE Young KM Rizzi M Jamen F Psachoulia K Wade A Kessaris N Richardson WD PDGFRA/NG2 glia generate myelinating oligodendrocytes and piriform projection neurons in adult mice Nat Neurosci 2008 11 1392 1401 18849983 PMC3842596
  48. [55]Regan MR Huang YH Kim YS Dykes-Hoberg MI Jin L Watkins AM Bergles DE Rothstein JD Variations in promoter activity reveal a differential expression and physiology of glutamate transporters by glia in the developing and mature CNS J Neurosci 2007 27 6607 6619 17581948 PMC6672708
  49. [56]Rothstein JD Dykes-Hoberg M Pardo CA Bristol LA Jin L Kuncl RW Kanai Y Hediger MA Wang Y Schielke JP Welty DF Knockout of glutamate transporters reveals a major role for astroglial transport in excitotoxicity and clearance of glutamate Neuron 1996 16 675 686 8785064
  50. [57]Tanaka K Watase K Manabe T Yamada K Watanabe M Takahashi K Iwama H Nishikawa T Ichihara N Kikuchi T Okuyama S Kawashima N Hori S Takimoto M Wada K Epilepsy and exacerbation of brain injury in mice lacking the glutamate transporter GLT-1 Science 1997 276 1699 1702 9180080
  51. [58]Macnab LT Pow DV Expression of the exon 9-skipping form of EAAT2 in astrocytes of rats Neuroscience 2007 150 705 711 17981401
  52. [59]Cornell-Bell AH Finkbeiner SM Cooper MS Smith SJ Glutamate induces calcium waves in cultured astrocytes: long-range glial signaling Science 1990 247 470 473 1967852
  53. [60]Shigetomi E Kracun S Sofroniew MV Khakh BS A genetically targeted optical sensor to monitor calcium signals in astrocyte processes Nat Neurosci 2010 13 759 766 20495558 PMC2920135
  54. [61]Cotrina ML Lin JH Alves-Rodrigues A Liu S Li J Azmi-Ghadimi H Kang J Naus CC Nedergaard M Connexins regulate calcium signaling by controlling ATP release Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1998 95 15735 15740 9861039 PMC28113
  55. [62]Kimelberg HK Anderson E Kettenmann H Swelling-induced changes in electrophysiological properties of cultured astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. II. Whole-cell currents Brain Res 1990 529 262 268 2282496
  56. [63]Porter JT McCarthy KD Adenosine receptors modulate [Ca2+]i in hippocampal astrocytes in situ J Neurochem 1995 65 1515 1523 7561845
  57. [64]Kang J Jiang L Goldman SA Nedergaard M Astrocyte-mediated potentiation of inhibitory synaptic transmission Nat Neurosci 1998 1 683 692 10196584
  58. [65]Duffy S MacVicar BA Adrenergic calcium signaling in astrocyte networks within the hippocampal slice J Neurosci 1995 15 5535 5550 7643199 PMC6577630
  59. [67]Porter JT McCarthy KD GFAP-positive hippocampal astrocytes in situ respond to glutamatergic neuroligands with increases in [Ca2+]i Glia 1995 13 101 112 7544323
  60. [68]Parri HR Crunelli V The role of Ca2+ in the generation of spontaneous astrocytic Ca2+ oscillations Neuroscience 2003 120 979 992 12927204
  61. [69]Parri HR Gould TM Crunelli V Spontaneous astrocytic Ca2+ oscillations in situ drive NMDAR-mediated neuronal excitation Nat Neurosci 2001 4 803 812 11477426
  62. [70]Nett WJ Oloff SH McCarthy KD Hippocampal astrocytes in situ exhibit calcium oscillations that occur independent of neuronal activity J Neurophysiol 2002 87 528 537 11784768
  63. [71]Zur Nieden R Deitmer JW The role of metabotropic glutamate receptors for the generation of calcium oscillations in rat hippocampal astrocytes in situ Cereb Cortex 2006 16 676 687 16079243
  64. [72]Bekar LK He W Nedergaard M Locus coeruleus alpha-adrenergic-mediated activation of cortical astrocytes in vivo Cereb Cortex 2008 18 2789 2795 18372288 PMC2583159
  65. [73]Wang X Lou N Xu Q Tian GF Peng WG Han X Kang J Takano T Nedergaard M Astrocytic Ca2+ signaling evoked by sensory stimulation in vivo Nat Neurosci 2006 9 816 823 16699507
  66. [74]Schummers J Yu H Sur M Tuned responses of astrocytes and their influence on hemodynamic signals in the visual cortex Science 2008 320 1638 1643 18566287
  67. [75]Araque A Martin ED Perea G Arellano JI Buno W Synaptically released acetylcholine evokes Ca2+ elevations in astrocytes in hippocampal slices J Neurosci 2002 22 2443 2450 11923408 PMC6758296
  68. [76]Bezzi P Carmignoto G Pasti L Vesce S Rossi D Rizzini BL Pozzan T Volterra A Prostaglandins stimulate calcium-dependent glutamate release in astrocytes Nature 1998 391 281 285 9440691
  69. [77]Bowser DN Khakh BS ATP excites interneurons and astrocytes to increase synaptic inhibition in neuronal networks J Neurosci 2004 24 8606 8620 15456834 PMC6729897
  70. [78]Perea G Araque A Properties of synaptically evoked astrocyte calcium signal reveal synaptic information processing by astrocytes J Neurosci 2005 25 2192 2203 15745945 PMC6726085
  71. [79]Navarrete M Araque A Endocannabinoids mediate neuron-astrocyte communication Neuron 2008 57 883 893 18367089
  72. [80]Porter JT McCarthy KD Hippocampal astrocytes in situ respond to glutamate released from synaptic terminals J Neurosci 1996 16 5073 5081 8756437 PMC6579292
  73. [81]Piet R Jahr CE Glutamatergic and purinergic receptor-mediated calcium transients in Bergmann glial cells J Neurosci 2007 27 4027 4035 17428980 PMC2671228
  74. [82]Beierlein M Regehr WG Brief bursts of parallel fiber activity trigger calcium signals in bergmann glia J Neurosci 2006 26 6958 6967 16807325 PMC6673913
  75. [83]Matyash V Filippov V Mohrhagen K Kettenmann H Nitric oxide signals parallel fiber activity to Bergmann glial cells in the mouse cerebellar slice Mol Cell Neurosci 2001 18 664 670 11749041
  76. [84]Kulik A Haentzsch A Luckermann M Reichelt W Ballanyi K Neuronglia signaling via alpha(1) adrenoceptor-mediated Ca(2+) release in Bergmann glial cells in situ J Neurosci 1999 19 8401 8408 10493741 PMC6783004
  77. [85]Newman EA Calcium increases in retinal glial cells evoked by light-induced neuronal activity J Neurosci 2005 25 5502 5510 15944378 PMC1405916
  78. [86]Rieger A Deitmer JW Lohr C Axon-glia communication evokes calcium signaling in olfactory ensheathing cells of the developing olfactory bulb Glia 2007 55 352 359 17136772
  79. [87]Takata N Hirase H Cortical layer 1 and layer 2/3 astrocytes exhibit distinct calcium dynamics in vivo PLoS One 2008 3 e2525 18575586 PMC2424136
  80. [88]Shigetomi E Bowser DN Sofroniew MV Khakh BS Two forms of astrocyte calcium excitability have distinct effects on NMDA receptor-mediated slow inward currents in pyramidal neurons J Neurosci 2008 28 6659 6663 18579739 PMC2866443
  81. [89]Haas B Schipke CG Peters O Sohl G Willecke K Kettenmann H Activity-dependent ATP-waves in the mouse neocortex are independent from astrocytic calcium waves Cereb Cortex 2006 16 237 246 15930372
  82. [90]Schipke CG Boucsein C Ohlemeyer C Kirchhoff F Kettenmann H Astrocyte Ca2+ waves trigger responses in microglial cells in brain slices FASEB J 2002 16 255 257 11772946
  83. [92]Cotrina ML Lin JH Nedergaard M Cytoskeletal assembly and ATP release regulate astrocytic calcium signaling J Neurosci 1998 18 8794 8804 9786986 PMC6793564
  84. [93]Parpura V Basarsky TA Liu F Jeftinija K Jeftinija S Haydon PG Glutamate-mediated astrocyte-neuron signalling Nature 1994 369 744 747 7911978
  85. [94]Zonta M Angulo MC Gobbo S Rosengarten B Hossmann KA Pozzan T Carmignoto G Neuron-to-astrocyte signaling is central to the dynamic control of brain microcirculation Nat Neurosci 2003 6 43 50 12469126
  86. [95]Schell MJ Molliver ME Snyder SH D-serine, an endogenous synaptic modulator: localization to astrocytes and glutamate-stimulated release Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1995 92 3948 3952 7732010 PMC42079
  87. [96]Stellwagen D Malenka RC Synaptic scaling mediated by glial TNF-alpha Nature 2006 440 1054 1059 16547515
  88. [99]Tian GF Azmi H Takano T Xu Q Peng W Lin J Oberheim N Lou N Wang X Zielke HR Kang J Nedergaard M An astrocytic basis of epilepsy Nat Med 2005 11 973 981 16116433 PMC1850946
  89. [100]Jourdain P Bergersen LH Bhaukaurally K Bezzi P Santello M Domercq M Matute C Tonello F Gundersen V Volterra A Glutamate exocytosis from astrocytes controls synaptic strength Nat Neurosci 2007 10 331 339 17310248
  90. [101]Liu QS Xu Q Kang J Nedergaard M Astrocyte activation of presynaptic metabotropic glutamate receptors modulates hippocampal inhibitory synaptic transmission Neuron Glia Biol 2004 1 307 316 16755304 PMC1474019
  91. [102]Liu QS Xu Q Arcuino G Kang J Nedergaard M Astrocyte-mediated activation of neuronal kainate receptors Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2004 101 3172 3177 14766987 PMC365762
  92. [103]Brockhaus J Deitmer JW Long-lasting modulation of synaptic input to Purkinje neurons by Bergmann glia stimulation in rat brain slices J Physiol 2002 545 581 593 12456836 PMC2290679
  93. [104]Lee S Yoon BE Berglund K Oh SJ Park H Shin HS Augustine GJ Lee CJ Channel-mediated tonic GABA release from glia Science 2010 330 790 796 20929730
  94. [105]Kozlov AS Angulo MC Audinat E Charpak S Target cell-specific modulation of neuronal activity by astrocytes Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2006 103 10058 10063 16782808 PMC1502505
  95. [106]Newman EA Zahs KR Modulation of neuronal activity by glial cells in the retina J Neurosci 1998 18 4022 4028 9592083 PMC2904245
  96. [107]Newman EA Glial cell inhibition of neurons by release of ATP J Neurosci 2003 23 1659 1666 12629170 PMC2322877
  97. [108]Agulhon C Fiacco TA McCarthy KD Hippocampal short- and long-term plasticity are not modulated by astrocyte Ca2+ signaling Science 2010 327 1250 1254 20203048
  98. [109]Fiacco TA Agulhon C Taves SR Petravicz J Casper KB Dong X Chen J McCarthy KD Selective stimulation of astrocyte calcium in situ does not affect neuronal excitatory synaptic activity Neuron 2007 54 611 626 17521573
  99. [110]Petravicz J Fiacco TA McCarthy KD Loss of IP3 receptor-dependent Ca2+ increases in hippocampal astrocytes does not affect baseline CA1 pyramidal neuron synaptic activity J Neurosci 2008 28 4967 4973 18463250 PMC2709811
  100. [111]Rouach N Avignone E Meme W Koulakoff A Venance L Blomstrand F Giaume C Gap junctions and connexin expression in the normal and pathological central nervous system Biol Cell 2002 94 457 475 12566220
  101. [112]Houades V Rouach N Ezan P Kirchhoff F Koulakoff A Giaume C Shapes of astrocyte networks in the juvenile brain Neuron Glia Biol 2006 2 3 14 18634587
  102. [113]Houades V Koulakoff A Ezan P Seif I Giaume C Gap junction-mediated astrocytic networks in the mouse barrel cortex J Neurosci 2008 28 5207 5217 18480277 PMC6670639
  103. [114]Muller T Moller T Neuhaus J Kettenmann H Electrical coupling among Bergmann glial cells and its modulation by glutamate receptor activation Glia 1996 17 274 284 8856324
  104. [115]Wiencken-Barger AE Djukic B Casper KB McCarthy KD A role for Connexin43 during neurodevelopment Glia 2007 55 675 686 17311295
  105. [116]Theis M Jauch R Zhuo L Speidel D Wallraff A Doring B Frisch C Sohl G Teubner B Euwens C Huston J Steinhauser C Messing A Heinemann U Willecke K Accelerated hippocampal spreading depression and enhanced locomotory activity in mice with astrocyte-directed inactivation of connexin43 J Neurosci 2003 23 766 776 12574405 PMC6741919
  106. [117]Wallraff A Kohling R Heinemann U Theis M Willecke K Steinhauser C The impact of astrocytic gap junctional coupling on potassium buffering in the hippocampus J Neurosci 2006 26 5438 5447 16707796 PMC6675300
  107. [118]Takano T Kang J Jaiswal JK Simon SM Lin JH Yu Y Li Y Yang J Dienel G Zielke HR Nedergaard M Receptor-mediated glutamate release from volume sensitive channels in astrocytes Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2005 102 16466 16471 16254051 PMC1283436
  108. [119]Ye ZC Oberheim N Kettenmann H Ransom BR Pharmacological “cross-inhibition” of connexin hemichannels and swelling activated anion channels Glia 2009 57 258 269 18837047 PMC2676787
  109. [120]Ye ZC Wyeth MS Baltan-Tekkok S Ransom BR Functional hemichannels in astrocytes: a novel mechanism of glutamate release J Neurosci 2003 23 3588 3596 12736329 PMC6742182
  110. [121]Hewett JA Determinants of regional and local diversity within the astroglial lineage of the normal central nervous system J Neurochem 2009 110 1717 1736 19627442
  111. [122]Silver J Miller JH Regeneration beyond the glial scar Nat Rev Neurosci 2004 5 146 156 14735117
  112. [123]Pekny M Nilsson M Astrocyte activation and reactive gliosis Glia 2005 50 427 434 15846805
  113. [124]Benediktsson AM Schachtele SJ Green SH Dailey ME Ballistic labeling and dynamic imaging of astrocytes in organotypic hippocampal slice cultures J Neurosci Methods 2005 141 41 53 15585287
  114. [125]Hirrlinger J Hulsmann S Kirchhoff F Astroglial processes show spontaneous motility at active synaptic terminals in situ Eur J Neurosci 2004 20 2235 2239 15450103
  115. [126]Nishida H Okabe S Direct astrocytic contacts regulate local maturation of dendritic spines J Neurosci 2007 27 331 340 17215394 PMC6672072
  116. [127]Oliet SH Piet R Poulain DA Control of glutamate clearance and synaptic efficacy by glial coverage of neurons Science 2001 292 923 926 11340204
  117. [128]Piet R Vargova L Sykova E Poulain DA Oliet SH Physiological contribution of the astrocytic environment of neurons to intersynaptic crosstalk Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2004 101 2151 2155 14766975 PMC357067
  118. [129]Levison SW Young GM Goldman JE Cycling cells in the adult rat neocortex preferentially generate oligodendroglia J Neurosci Res 1999 57 435 446 10440893
  119. [130]Goldman SA Zukhar A Barami K Mikawa T Niedzwiecki D Ependymal/subependymal zone cells of postnatal and adult songbird brain generate both neurons and nonneuronal siblings in vitro and in vivo J Neurobiol 1996 30 505 520 8844514
  120. [131]Gray G Sanes J Lineage of radial glia in the chicken optic tectum Development 1992 114 271 283 1576964
  121. [132]Malatesta P Hack MA Hartfuss E Kettenmann H Klinkert W Kirchhoff F Gotz M Neuronal or glial progeny: regional differences in radial glia fate Neuron 2003 37 751 764 12628166
  122. [133]Goldman JE Lineage, migration, and fate determination of postnatal subventricular zone cells in the mammalian CNS J Neurooncol 1995 24 61 64 8523077
  123. [134]Marshall CA Goldman JE Subpallial dlx2-expressing cells give rise to astrocytes and oligodendrocytes in the cerebral cortex and white matter J Neurosci 2002 22 9821 9830 12427838 PMC6757819
  124. [135]Beckervordersandforth R Tripathi P Ninkovic J Bayam E Lepier A Stempfhuber B Kirchhoff F Hirrlinger J Haslinger A Lie DC Beckers J Yoder B Irmler M Gotz M In vivo fate mapping and expression analysis reveals molecular hallmarks of prospectively isolated adult neural stem cells Cell Stem Cell 2010 7 744 758 21112568
  125. [136]Ono K Takebayashi H Ikeda K Furusho M Nishizawa T Watanabe K Ikenaka K Regional- and temporal-dependent changes in the differentiation of Olig2 progenitors in the forebrain, and the impact on astrocyte development in the dorsal pallium Dev Biol 2008 320 456 468 18582453
  126. [138]Zhou Q Wang S Anderson DJ Identification of a novel family of oligodendrocyte lineage-specific basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors Neuron 2000 25 331 343 10719889
  127. [139]Masahira N Takebayashi H Ono K Watanabe K Ding L Furusho M Ogawa Y Nabeshima Y Alvarez-Buylla A Shimizu K Ikenaka K Olig2-positive progenitors in the embryonic spinal cord give rise not only to motoneurons and oligodendrocytes, but also to a subset of astrocytes and ependymal cells Dev Biol 2006 293 358 369 16581057
  128. [142]Colombo JA Reisin HD Interlaminar astroglia of the cerebral cortex: a marker of the primate brain Brain Res 2004 1006 126 131 15047031
  129. [143]Colombo JA Yanez A Puissant V Lipina S Long, interlaminar astroglial cell processes in the cortex of adult monkeys J Neurosci Res 1995 40 551 556 7616615
  130. [145]Garcia-Marin V Garcia-Lopez P Freire M Cajal's contributions to glia research Trends Neurosci 2007 30 479 487 17765327

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Oberheim, N. A., Goldman, S. A., & Nedergaard, M.
Affiliations
University of Rochester Medicine (US)
Corresponding author
Goldman, Steven A.
ORCID
Venue
Methods in Molecular Biology
Publisher
Humana Press
Published
2011-11-11
Volume
814
Pages
23-45
ISSN
  • 1064-3745 (ISSN-L)
  • 1940-6029
DOI
10.1007/978-1-61779-452-0_3
PMC
PMC3506190
OpenAlex
W2118661818
Cited by
638
References
11
Citations by year
2026: 24 · 2025: 43 · 2024: 46 · 2023: 42 · 2022: 35 · 2021: 54 · 2020: 54 · 2019: 55 · 2018: 58 · 2017: 46 · 2016: 55 · 2015: 48 · 2014: 39 · 2013: 30 · 2012: 8
FWCI
23.28
Type
book chapter
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Methods in molecular biology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • G. Harold and Leila Y. Mathers Foundation
  • National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01NS078167, R01NS075177, R01NS039559, R01NS038073, R01NS075345, R01NS056188, R01NS029813, P01NS050315, R01NS052534, R37NS029813)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
Keywords
astrocytes, astrocyte heterogeneity, protoplasmic astrocyte, astrocyte morphology, calcium signaling, astrocyte function, CNS homeostasis, higher mental functions
MeSH terms
Animals, Astrocytes, Calcium, Cognition, Cytoplasm, Biological Evolution, Humans, Species Specificity, Receptors, Neurotransmitter, Glutamic Acid, Glutamate Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review