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Dissecting impulsivity and its relationships to drug addictions
Open accessAbstract
Addictions are often characterized as forms of impulsive behavior. That said, it is often noted that impulsivity is a multidimensional construct, spanning several psychological domains. This review describes the relationship between varieties of impulsivity and addiction‐related behaviors, the nature of the causal relationship between the two, and the underlying neurobiological mechanisms that promote impulsive behaviors. We conclude that the available data strongly support the notion that impulsivity is both a risk factor for, and a consequence of, drug and alcohol consumption. While the evidence indicating that subtypes of impulsive behavior are uniquely informative—either biologically or with respect to their relationships to addictions—is convincing, multiple lines of study link distinct subtypes of impulsivity to low dopamine D2 receptor function and perturbed serotonergic transmission, revealing shared mechanisms between the subtypes. Therefore, a common biological framework involving monoaminergic transmitters in key frontostriatal circuits may link multiple forms of impulsivity to drug self‐administration and addiction‐related behaviors. Further dissection of these relationships is needed before the next phase of genetic and genomic discovery will be able to reveal the biological sources of the vulnerability for addiction indexed by impulsivity.
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“Taq1A polymorphisms at the D2 receptor has been well-studied and known to influence impulsive behavior [154].”
From Food Addiction and Psychosocial Adversity: Biological Embedding, Contextual Factors, and Public Health Implications (2020) · cites this paper as [154]
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“Impulsivity is the trait-like proclivity to engage in excessive, uncontrolled, or rash reward pursuit and consumption (Dalley, Everitt, & Robbins, 2011; Evenden, 1999; Jentsch et al., 2014).”
BackgroundInfluentialStructured tracking of alcohol reinforcement (STAR) for basic and translational alcohol research
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MacKillop, J., Gray, J. C., Weafer, J. J., Sanchez‐Roige, S., Palmer, A. A., & de Wit, H. (2018) · Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1037/pha0000227 · Cited by 17
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The Neurobiology of Impulsive Decision-Making and Reinforcement Learning in Nonhuman Animals
Groman, S. M. (2020) · Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · doi:10.1007/7854_2020_127 · Cited by 16
Self-citationExHPD: Exploiting Human, Physical, and Driving Behaviors to Detect Vehicle Cyber Attacks
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“In these domains, choice behavior focused on short-term reward acquisition at the expense of overall or long-term gain is often termed Bimpulsivity^ (Jentsch et al. 2014) or Bimpulsive choice^ (Cardinal et al. 2001).”
Guo, L., Luo, M., Wang, W., Huang, G., Zhang, W., & Lu, C. (2019) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-019-01294-9 · Cited by 16
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“Behaviorally, as compared to these four motor-based paradigms of impulsive action that can be used to test the impulsivity on “waiting” [2,50] or “stopping” [40,51], the present DRL procedure along with the quantitative analyses of IRT data (especially the peak time) can be used to characterize a combination of timing…”
Associations between impulsivity and fecal microbiota in individuals abstaining from methamphetamine
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“This latter study, along with Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience 10 frontiersin.org our own, suggests that the increased levels of risk-related impulsive choice observed in patients with SUD (Bechara et al., 2002) may likely result from drug abuse rather than predict the vulnerability to drug abuse.”
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“, 2003), an increase in impulsivity and a decrease in inhibitory control (Jentsch et al., 2014) have been identified as key features to the development of addiction.”
InfluentialHierarchical investigation of genetic influences on response inhibition in healthy young adults.
Weafer, J. J., Gray, J. C., Hernandez, K. M., Palmer, A. A., MacKillop, J., & de Wit, H. (2017) · Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1037/pha0000156 · Cited by 14
“In addition, as with serotonin, the link between D2 receptors and inhibitory control is thought to play a role in risk for drug abuse (Jentsch et al., 2014; London, 2016).”
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“Observed heightened impulsive behaviors may predict drug use or can be a consequence of repeated drug exposure and withdrawal (61).”
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“, inordinate difficulty withholding response to prepotent stimuli) (Jentsch et al., 2014; K. King, PatockPeckham, Dager, Thimm, & Gates, 2014).”
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“Given considerable evidence linking self-regulatory deficits and drug use disorders to certain meso–cortico–limbic brain circuits (Goldstein & Volkow, 2011; Jentsch et al., 2014; Koob & Kreek, 2007; Spagnolo & Goldman, 2017), it is plausible that individuals with ASPD are prone to abuse multiple drugs because lack of…”
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“Extensive research has demonstrated the associations between impulsivity and externalizing health risk behaviors such as substance use (Jentsch et al., 2014), binge eating (Dawe and Loxton.”
BackgroundWaiting impulsivity during reward seeking increases adult hippocampal neurogenesis in mice
Peyton, L., Oliveros, A., Cho, C. H., Starski, P. A., Lindberg, D. M., Jang, M., & Choi, D. (2019) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2019.05.032 · Cited by 12
Inhibitory Control and Craving in Dual Disorders and Recurrent Substance Use. Preliminary Findings
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“Deficits in inhibitory control are also seen as a reflection of impulsive action (13).”
BackgroundAlcohol affects the P3 component of an adaptive stop signal task ERP
Plawecki, M. H., Windisch, K. A., Wetherill, L. F., Kosobud, A., Džemidžić, M., Kareken, D. A., & O’Connor, S. (2017) · Alcohol · doi:10.1016/j.alcohol.2017.08.012 · Cited by 12
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“…the behavioral effectiveness of the drug after IP injection when a probabilistic discounting task (St. Onge and Floresco, 2009; St. Onge et al., 2010), a risky choice (Cocker et al., 2012; Kaminski and Ator, 2001), or a low-rate responding operant behavior test (Liao and Cheng, 2005) was used.”
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“Recently, aberrant or maladaptive risk-related decision making has been observed in a number of psychiatric populations including those with drug addiction, mood disorders, and schizophrenia (Jentsch et al., 2014; Paulus, 2007; Stopper & Floresco, 2015).”
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“In several studies, impulsivity has been stably associated with the early use of substances [33,34] and also to IGD [30,35].”
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“Similar to addiction disorders (Curtis and Davis, 2014), compulsive behaviors represent a loss of control over habits, which creates pathological courses of behaviors (Jentsch et al., 2014).”
BackgroundSex-specific attenuation of impulsive action by progesterone in a go/no-go task for cocaine in rats
Swalve, N. L., Smethells, J. R., Younk, R., Mitchell, J., Dougen, B., & Carroll, M. E. (2017) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-017-4750-2 · Cited by 10
“Impulsivity has emerged as a major factor contributing to drug addiction and its resistance to treatment (Perry and Carroll 2008; Weafer and de Wit 2014; Jentsch et al. 2014; Smethells et al. 2016).”
Proteomic Profile of a Chronic Binge Ethanol Exposure Model
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“Behavioral response impulsivity assesses motoric response inhibition and is commonly measured using computerized tasks (Hamilton et al., 2015; Jentsch et al., 2014).”
Association between Binge Drug use and Suicide Attempt among People who Inject Drugs
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“Through alteration of decision-making processes and failure of self-control mechanisms, sustained intoxication during binge episodes may increase risk of suicide attempt.(5,32,34) Moreover, excessive use of neurodepressants such as opioids and sedative-hypnotics has been implicated in development of affective symptoms…”
BackgroundBiofeedback Interventions for Impulsivity-related Processes in Addictive Disorders
Lucas, I., Solé‐Morata, N., Baenas, I., Rosińska, M., Fernández‐Aranda, F., & Jiménez‐Múrcia, S. (2023) · Current Addiction Reports · doi:10.1007/s40429-023-00499-y · Cited by 10
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“For instance, reward-driven impulsivity is widely implicated in substance use disorders and behavioral addiction (Jentsch et al., 2014; Maxwell et al., 2020).”
BackgroundExamining the Role of Risk Compensation in Extreme Sports
Gardner, M. M., Grimm, J. T., & Conner, B. T. (2021) · Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1123/jsep.2020-0159 · Cited by 9
Perceived safety and controllability of events: Markers of risk for marijuana use in young adults?
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“Although assessed through distinct paradigms used, impulsive action and impulsive choice are often correlated [96], and both are strong predictors of drug self-administration and behaviors related to drug reward in rodents.”
Self-citationResting State EEG Activity Related to Impulsivity in People with Prescription Opioid Use Disorder
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Sultan, A. A., Goldstein, B. I., Blanco, C., Kennedy, K. G., Conway, K. P., He, J.-P., & Merikangas, K. R. (2024) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2024.09.114 · Cited by 8
Alcohol-related genes show an enrichment of associations with a persistent externalizing factor.
Ashenhurst, J. R., Harden, K. P., Corbin, W. R., & Fromme, K. (2016) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/abn0000194 · Cited by 9
“Likely candidate systems include those involved in self-regulation, motivation, affect, and reward processing, including the prefrontal cortex, striatum, and limbic systems (Aron, 2011; Bechara, 2005; Coccaro, Sripada, Yanowitch, & Phan, 2011; Jentsch et al., 2014; Jentsch & Taylor, 1999; Patrick et al., 2013; Verdejo…”
BackgroundSelf-citationBullock, K., Cservenka, A., & Ray, L. A. (2016) · The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse · doi:10.1080/00952990.2016.1257632 · Cited by 8
“In a review paper discussing the construct of impulsivity, areas of the PFC, such as the ventromedial and dorsolateral PFC, were posited to be involved in the neural circuitry of delay-related decision making and inhibitory control (51).”
A systematic review on Substance Addiction: medical diagnosis or morality flaw?
Barata, P. C., Oliveira, C., Castro, S., & Mota, A. M. (2019) · The European Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.ejpsy.2019.07.001 · Cited by 9
Ernst, F., Enge, S., Viohl, L., Petzold, M. B., & Betzler, F. (2022) · Addiction Research & Theory · doi:10.1080/16066359.2022.2114075 · Cited by 13
“For example, it has previously been shown that particularly impulsive individuals are far more likely to rely on substances compared to more self-controlled individuals (Jentsch et al. 2014).”
BackgroundBagley, J. R., Bailey, L. S., Gagnon, L. H., He, H., Philip, V. M., Reinholdt, L. G., Tarantino, L. M., Chesler, E. J., & Jentsch, D. (2022) · Addiction Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.addicn.2022.100045 · Cited by 9
Urueña‐Méndez, G., Dimiziani, A., Bellés, L., Goutaudier, R., & Ginovart, N. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms241713238 · Cited by 7
Luo, D., Jiang, P., Nie, L., Tang, Q., Lai, M., Xu, J., & Li, J. (2024) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhae231 · Cited by 8
Arrondeau, C., Urueña‐Méndez, G., Marchessaux, F., Goutaudier, R., & Ginovart, N. (2024) · Journal of Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1002/jnr.25387 · Cited by 8
“Our data bring new insights on the potential underpinnings of high motor impulsivity, and suggest that alterations in brain metabolic activity, especially in the cortico- striato-thalamic circuit, may be associated to elevated levels of impulsive behaviors.”
Animal models of liability to post-traumatic stress disorder: going beyond fear memory
Cabib, S., Orsini, C., & Puglisi‐Allegra, S. (2019) · Behavioural Pharmacology · doi:10.1097/fbp.0000000000000475 · Cited by 7
Examining the effects of psychoactive drugs on complex behavioral processes in laboratory animals
Kangas, B. D. (2022) · Advances in pharmacology · doi:10.1016/bs.apha.2021.09.001 · Cited by 7
Magnard, R., Fouyssac, M., Vachez, Y. M., Cheng, Y., Dufourd, T., Carcenac, C., Boulet, S., Janak, P. H., Savasta, M., Belin, D., et al. (2024) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-024-02804-3 · Cited by 7
“Similarly to psychostimulant use disorder, the vulnerability to develop ICDs has been shown to be associated with a high impulsivity trait [14, 17, 21 – 24], which is characterized by a tendency to act prematurely, without forethought or concerns for adverse upcoming consequences [25].”
Cance, J. D., Talley, A. E., & Fromme, K. (2015) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1093/ntr/ntv050 · Cited by 7
Shao, C., Li, D., Zhang, X., Xiang, F., Zhang, X., & Wang, X. (2024) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2023.1326841 · Cited by 5
“The Go/NoGo task, a classic paradigm for assessing inhibition control, requires participants to respond quickly and accurately to one type of stimulus (Go) while inhibiting their response to a different type of stimulus (NoGo) (29, 30).”
BackgroundFactor analysis of impulsivity in gaming disorder and internet gaming disorder
Raybould, J. N., & Tunney, R. J. (2024) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-024-06072-9 · Cited by 10
“Impulsivity is not explicitly listed as a key feature of addiction in diagnostic materials, but there is evidence of a strong association between impulsivity and addictive syndromes [44, 45].”
BackgroundPalumbo, S., Mariotti, V., Vellucci, S., Antonelli, K., Anderson, N. E., Harenski, C. L., Pietrini, P., Kiehl, K. A., & Pellegrini, S. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.868804 · Cited by 7
Functional MRI of inhibitory control processing in problematic mobile video gamers
Shen, X., Li, Z., Sheng, J.-R., Zhou, X., & Wang, J. (2023) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115220 · Cited by 8
Gancarz, A. M., Mitchell, S. H., George, A. M., Martin, C. D., Turk, M. C., Bool, H. M., Aktar, F., Kwarteng, F., Palmer, A. A., Meyer, P., et al. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-34179-8 · Cited by 7
Lv, Q., Zhang, M., Jiang, H., Liu, Y., Zhao, S., Xu, X., Zhang, W., Chen, T., Su, H., Zhang, J., et al. (2023) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120421 · Cited by 7
“In contrast, excessive switching without adequate evidence of a change in contingencies implies an impulsive decision bias (Cai et al., 2020; Izquierdo and Jentsch, 2012; Jentsch et al., 2014; Patzelt et al., 2014).”
Cauich, J. I. V., Heredia, B. N. D. L. L. E., & Zumárraga-García, F. M. (2018) · Revista Iberoamericana de Psicología · doi:10.33881/2027-1786.rip.11103 · Cited by 9
Congia, P., Mannarino, S., Deiana, S., Maulu, M., & Muscas, E. (2020) · Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment · doi:10.1016/j.jsat.2020.108120 · Cited by 4
Chen, S., Hsu, W.-C., Lu, X.-Y., Chuang, C.-Y., & Liao, R. (2021) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-021-06018-z · Cited by 5
“The 5-CSRTT, SST, and DRL task seemingly involve “waiting” before an appropriate response is made for acquiring a reinforcer.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialOlave, L., Díez, I. I., Herrero, M., Macía, P., Momeñe, J., Macía, L., Muñiz, J. A., & Estévez, A. (2024) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs14050420 · Cited by 7
“The role of emotional dependence is even more relevant given its association with the persistence of a partner in a violent relationship [18,33,42,45,46].”
BackgroundDemattéis, M., & Pennel, L. (2018) · Annales Médico-psychologiques revue psychiatrique · doi:10.1016/j.amp.2018.08.005 · Cited by 5
Emotional Regulation as a Mediating Factor in Substance Use Disorders
Okasha, T. A., Abdelsamie, A., Azzam, H., El-Serafi, D., Morsy, M. H. A., & Shorub, E. M. (2021) · Addictive Disorders & Their Treatment · doi:10.1097/adt.0000000000000241 · Cited by 9
Social Information Processing in Substance Use Disorders: Insights From an Emotional Go-Nogo Task
Bjork, J. M., Keyser‐Marcus, L., Vassileva, J., Ramey, T., Houghton, D. C., & Moeller, F. G. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.672488 · Cited by 6
“Among SUD, CoUD in particular is most robustly linked to deficits in executive function (EF) (36, 40, 43), which includes behavioral inhibition as a core component (44).”
BackgroundTest of Reliability and Validity of Impulsiveness Scale Among Married Chinese
Leng, J., Tao, M., Huai, J., & Fan, Z. (2022) · Psychology Research and Behavior Management · doi:10.2147/prbm.s360854 · Cited by 5
Aloi, J. M., Kwon, E., Hummer, T. A., Crum, K. I., Shah, N. R., Pratt, L. A., Aalsma, M. C., Finn, P., Nürnberger, J. I., & Hulvershorn, L. A. (2023) · Frontiers in Neuroimaging · doi:10.3389/fnimg.2023.1110494 · Cited by 7
“However, it would be expected that children with FH of SUDs would have one or more parent(s) with greater impulsivity (Jentsch et al., 2014).”
BackgroundCompulsive sexual behavior disorder and impulsivity
Sassover, E., & Weinstein, A. M. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-13437-1.00009-4 · Cited by 5
Caravaggio, F., Plavén‐Sigray, P., Matheson, G. J., Plitman, E., Chakravarty, M. M., Borg, J., Graff‐Guerrero, A., & Červenka, S. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0209584 · Cited by 5
Reynolds, M., Kirisci, L., Zhai, Z. W., & Tarter, R. E. (2023) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2023.173585 · Cited by 5
Metadata
- Authors
- Jentsch, J. D., Ashenhurst, J. R., Cervantes, M. C., Groman, S. M., James, A. S., & Pennington, Z. T.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Corresponding author
- Jentsch, J. David
- Venue
- Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2014-03-21
- Volume
- 1327
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1-26
- ISSN
- 0077-8923 (ISSN-L)
- 1749-6632
- PMC
- PMC4360991
- OpenAlex
- W2144085253
- Cited by
- 281
- References
- 281
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 29 · 2023: 27 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 26 · 2019: 31 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 30 · 2016: 27 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 9
- FWCI
- 3.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Public Health Service (DAR01031852)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (R21DA038377, R01DA031852, T32DA024635)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Keywords
- impulsivity, drug addiction, alcohol consumption, dopamine D2 receptor, serotonergic neurotransmission, monoaminergic neurotransmission, frontostriatal circuits, addiction risk factors, neurobiology of addiction
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Brain, Disease Susceptibility, Humans, Impulsive Behavior, Nerve Tissue Proteins, Synaptic Transmission, Neurons, Risk Factors, Down-Regulation, Behavior, Addictive, Receptors, Dopamine D2, Substance-Related Disorders, Translational Research, Biomedical, Serotonergic Neurons
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