The DOI matches its Crossref record; 67 of the 67 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The effect of mindfulness meditation on sleep quality: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Open accessAbstract
There is a growing interest in the effectiveness of mindfulness meditation for sleep disturbed populations. Our study sought to evaluate the effect of mindfulness meditation interventions on sleep quality. To assess for relative efficacy, comparator groups were restricted to specific active controls (such as evidenced‐based sleep treatments) and nonspecific active controls (such as time/attention‐matched interventions to control for placebo effects), which were analyzed separately. From 3303 total records, 18 trials with 1654 participants were included. We determined the strength of evidence using four domains (risk of bias, directness of outcome measures, consistency of results, and precision of results). At posttreatment and follow‐up, there was low strength of evidence that mindfulness meditation interventions had no effect on sleep quality compared with specific active controls (ES 0.03 (95% CI –0.43 to 0.49)) and (ES –0.14 (95% CI –0.62 to 0.34)), respectively. Additionally, there was moderate strength of evidence that mindfulness meditation interventions significantly improved sleep quality compared with nonspecific active controls at postintervention (ES 0.33 (95% CI 0.17–0.48)) and at follow‐up (ES 0.54 (95% CI 0.24–0.84)). These preliminary findings suggest that mindfulness meditation may be effective in treating some aspects of sleep disturbance. Further research is warranted.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Although studies have consistently demonstrated moderate to strong effect sizes for MBIs in improving symptoms of anxiety, depression, pain, and sleep disturbances, 30,31”
From Nursing Implications of Mindfulness-Informed Interventions for Stroke Survivors and Their Families. (2022) · cites this paper as [31]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“In terms of sleep quality, the reduction in total SRSS score in MTG was consistent with the findings of a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs), which showed that mindfulness meditation interventions significantly improved sleep quality (Rusch et al. 2019).”
From Changes in Mental Health and EEG Biomarkers of Undergraduates Under Different Patterns of Mindfulness (2024) · cites this paper as Rusch et al. 2019
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences
Muller, K. E., & Cohen, J. (1989) · Technometrics · doi:10.2307/1270020 · Cited by 99,603
Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses
Higgins, J. P. T., Thompson, S. G., Deeks, J. J., & Altman, D. G. (2003) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.327.7414.557 · Cited by 63,139
Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta‐analysis
Higgins, J. P. T., & Thompson, S. G. (2002) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.1186 · Cited by 36,763
Liberati, A., Altman, D. G., Tetzlaff, J., Mulrow, C., Gøtzsche, P. C., Ioannidis, J. P. A., Clarke, M., Devereaux, P. J., Kleijnen, J., & Moher, D. (2009) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000100 · Cited by 28,164
Dermyshi, E., Wang, Y., Yan, C., Hong, W., Qiu, G., Gong, X., & Zhang, T. (2017) · Neonatology · doi:10.1159/000454668 · Cited by 24,586
Liberati, A., Altman, D. G., Tetzlaff, J., Mulrow, C., Gøtzsche, P. C., Ioannidis, J. P. A., Clarke, M., Devereaux, P. J., Kleijnen, J., & Moher, D. (2009) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2009.06.006 · Cited by 10,578
Baglioni, C., Battagliese, G., Feige, B., Spiegelhalder, K., Nissen, C., Voderholzer, U., Lombardo, C., & Riemann, D. (2011) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2011.01.011 · Cited by 2,779
Taheri, S., Lin, L., Austin, D., Young, T., & Mignot, E. (2004) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0010062 · Cited by 2,477
Meditation Programs for Psychological Stress and Well-being: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Goyal, M., Singh, S., Sibinga, E. M. S., Gould, N. F., Rowland-Seymour, A., Sharma, R., Berger, Z., Sleicher, D., Maron, D. D., Shihab, H. M., et al. (2014) · JAMA Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2013.13018 · Cited by 2,380
Neurocognitive consequences of sleep deprivation
Goel, N., Rao, H., Durmer, J., & Dinges, D. (2009) · Seminars in Neurology · doi:10.1055/s-0029-1237117 · Cited by 2,154
Qaseem, A., Kansagara, D., Forciea, M. A., Cooke, M., Denberg, T. D., & for the Clinical Guidelines Committee of the American College of Physicians* (2016) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/m15-2175 · Cited by 1,965
Creswell, J. D. (2017) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-042716-051139 · Cited by 1,702
Neurocognitive Consequences of Sleep Deprivation
Durmer, J. S., & Dinges, D. F. (2005) · Seminars in Neurology · doi:10.1055/s-2005-867080 · Cited by 1,473
The effects of physical activity on sleep: A meta-analytic review
Kredlow, M. A., Capozzoli, M. C., Hearon, B. A., Calkins, A. W., & Otto, M. W. (2015) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10865-015-9617-6 · Cited by 1,333
Jain, S., Shapiro, S. L., Swanick, S., Roesch, S. C., Mills, P. J., Bell, I., & Schwartz, G. E. R. (2007) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1207/s15324796abm3301_2 · Cited by 1,300
Ludwig, D. S. (2008) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.300.11.1350 · Cited by 957
Morin, C. M., & Jarrin, D. C. (2022) · Sleep Medicine Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.jsmc.2022.03.003 · Cited by 907
An American Academy of Sleep Medicine Report, Morgenthaler, T., Kramer, M., Alessi, C., Friedman, L., Boehlecke, B., Brown, T., Coleman, J., Kapur, V., Lee-Chiong, T., et al. (2006) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/29.11.1415 · Cited by 835
Fox, K. C. R., Nijeboer, S., Dixon, M. L., Floman, J. L., Ellamil, M., Rumak, S. P., Sedlmeier, P., & Christoff, K. (2014) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.03.016 · Cited by 804
Conceptual and methodological issues in research on mindfulness and meditation.
Davidson, R. J., & Kaszniak, A. W. (2015) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/a0039512 · Cited by 773
Insomnia and risk of cardiovascular disease: a meta-analysis
Sofi, F., Cesari, F., Casini, A., Macchi, C., Abbate, R., & Gensini, G. F. (2014) · European Journal of Preventive Cardiology · doi:10.1177/2047487312460020 · Cited by 713
Meta-analysis of benzodiazepine use in the treatment of insomnia.
(2000) · PubMed Central · Cited by 613
Carmody, J., & Baer, R. A. (2009) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.20555 · Cited by 568
Meta-analysis of dropout from cognitive behavioral therapy: Magnitude, timing, and moderators.
Fernandez, E., Salem, D., Swift, J. K., & Ramtahal, N. (2015) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/ccp0000044 · Cited by 551
Owens, D. K., Lohr, K. N., Atkins, D., Treadwell, J. R., Reston, J. T., Bass, E. B., Chang, S., & Helfand, M. (2010) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2009.03.009 · Cited by 513
Hoge, E. A., Bui, E., Marques, L., Metcalf, C. A., Morris, L. K., Robinaugh, D. J., Worthington, J. J., Pollack, M. H., & Simon, N. M. (2013) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.12m08083 · Cited by 511
Black, D. S., O’Reilly, G. A., Olmstead, R., Breen, E. C., & Irwin, M. R. (2015) · JAMA Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2014.8081 · Cited by 491
Desbordes, G., Negi, L. T., Pace, T. W. W., Wallace, B. A., Raison, C. L., & Schwartz, E. L. (2012) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2012.00292 · Cited by 458
The Efficacy and Safety of Drug Treatments for Chronic Insomnia in Adults: A Meta-Analysis of RCTs
Buscemi, N., Vandermeer, B., Friesen, C., Bialy, L., Tubman, M., Ospina, M., Klassen, T. P., & Witmans, M. (2007) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11606-007-0251-z · Cited by 448
Koffel, E., Bramoweth, A. D., & Ulmer, C. S. (2018) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11606-018-4390-1 · Cited by 391
Improving sleep with mindfulness and acceptance: a metacognitive model of insomnia
Ong, J. C., Ulmer, C. S., & Manber, R. (2012) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2012.08.001 · Cited by 376
van der Zwan, J. E., de Vente, W., Huizink, A. C., Bögels, S. M., & de Bruin, E. I. (2015) · Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback · doi:10.1007/s10484-015-9293-x · Cited by 369
Effects of Meditation Experience on Functional Connectivity of Distributed Brain Networks
Hasenkamp, W., & Barsalou, L. W. (2012) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2012.00038 · Cited by 367
Reducing distress in mothers of children with autism and other disabilities: a randomized trial
Dykens, E. M., Fisher, M. H., Taylor, J. L., Lambert, W., & Miodrag, N. (2014) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2013-3164 · Cited by 355
Garland, S. N., Carlson, L. E., Stephens, A. J., Antle, M. C., Samuels, C., & Campbell, T. S. (2014) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2012.47.7265 · Cited by 329
Validation of the Insomnia Severity Index in Primary Care
Gagnon, C., Belanger, L., Ivers, H., & Morin, C. M. (2013) · The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine · doi:10.3122/jabfm.2013.06.130064 · Cited by 319
Schmidt, S., Grossman, P., Schwarzer, B., Jena, S., Naumann, J., & Walach, H. (2011) · PAIN · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2010.10.043 · Cited by 297
The Effects of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction on Sleep Disturbance: A Systematic Review
Winbush, N. Y., Gross, C. R., & Kreitzer, M. J. (2007) · EXPLORE · doi:10.1016/j.explore.2007.08.003 · Cited by 271
Holmes, W. F., MacGregor, E. A., Sawyer, J. P. C., & Lipton, R. B. (2001) · Headache The Journal of Head and Face Pain · doi:10.1046/j.1526-4610.2001.111006343.x · Cited by 261
Gross, C. R., Kreitzer, M. J., Reilly-Spong, M., Wall, M., Winbush, N. Y., Patterson, R., Mahowald, M., & Cramer-Bornemann, M. (2011) · EXPLORE · doi:10.1016/j.explore.2010.12.003 · Cited by 249
Mindfulness meditation for insomnia: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Gong, H., Ni, C., Liu, Y., Zhang, Y., Su, W., Lian, Y., Peng, W. J., & Jiang, C. (2016) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2016.07.016 · Cited by 243
Pilot Controlled Trial of Mindfulness Meditation and Education for Dementia Caregivers
Oken, B. S., Fonareva, I., Haas, M., Wahbeh, H., Lane, J. B., Zajdel, D., & Amen, A. (2010) · The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine · doi:10.1089/acm.2009.0733 · Cited by 232
Morin, C. M., & Jarrin, D. C. (2013) · Sleep Medicine Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.jsmc.2013.05.002 · Cited by 216
Workplace based mindfulness practice and inflammation: A randomized trial
Malarkey, W. B., Jarjoura, D., & Klatt, M. (2013) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2012.10.009 · Cited by 194
Okun, M. L., Kravitz, H. M., Sowers, M. F., Moul, D. E., Buysse, D. J., & Hall, M. H. (2009) · Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine · doi:10.5664/jcsm.27391 · Cited by 183
Who is at risk for dropout from group cognitive-behavior therapy for insomnia?
Ong, J. C., Kuo, T. F., & Manber, R. (2008) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2007.10.009 · Cited by 168
Gross, C. R., Kreitzer, M. J., Thomas, W., Reilly-Spong, M., Cramer–Bornemann, M., Nyman, J. A., Frazier, P. A., & Ibrahim, H. N. (2010) · PubMed · Cited by 141
Awakening is not a metaphor: the effects of Buddhist meditation practices on basic wakefulness
Britton, W. B., Lindahl, J. R., Cahn, B. R., Davis, J. H., & Goldman, R. E. (2014) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/nyas.12279 · Cited by 134
Crane, R. S., & Kuyken, W. (2013) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-012-0121-6 · Cited by 120
van Vugt, M. K., Hitchcock, P., Shahar, B., & Britton, W. B. (2012) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2012.00257 · Cited by 114
Johns, S. A., Brown, L. F., Beck-Coon, K., Talib, T. L., Monahan, P. O., Giesler, R. B., Tong, Y., Wilhelm, L., Carpenter, J. S., Von Ah, D., et al. (2016) · Supportive Care in Cancer · doi:10.1007/s00520-016-3220-4 · Cited by 112
Gordon, W. V., Shonin, E., Dunn, T. J., García‐Campayo, J., & Griffiths, M. D. (2016) · British Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjhp.12224 · Cited by 103
Nakamura, Y., Lipschitz, D. L., Kuhn, R., Kinney, A. Y., & Donaldson, G. W. (2013) · Journal of Cancer Survivorship · doi:10.1007/s11764-012-0252-8 · Cited by 102
Nakamura, Y., Lipschitz, D. L., Landward, R. S., Kuhn, R., & West, G. (2010) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2010.09.007 · Cited by 87
Barriers to engagement in sleep restriction and stimulus control in chronic insomnia.
Vincent, N., Lewycky, S. T., & Finnegan, H. A. (2008) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.76.5.820 · Cited by 76
Wong, S. Y. S., Zhang, D., Chi-kwan, C. L., Yip, B. H. K., Chan, D. C.-C., Ling, Y.-M., Lo, C. S. L., Woo, D. M.-S., Sun, Y., Ma, H., et al. (2017) · Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics · doi:10.1159/000470847 · Cited by 76
The role of disturbed sleep in the early recognition of bipolar disorder: a systematic review
Ritter, P. S., Marx, C., Bauer, M., Lepold, K., & Pfennig, A. (2011) · Bipolar Disorders · doi:10.1111/j.1399-5618.2011.00917.x · Cited by 75
Meditation and Its Regulatory Role on Sleep
Nagendra, R. P., Maruthai, N., & Kutty, B. M. (2012) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2012.00054 · Cited by 73
Rusch, H. L., Guardado, P., Baxter, T., Mysliwiec, V., & Gill, J. (2015) · Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine · doi:10.5664/jcsm.4770 · Cited by 72
Self-citationThe Effects of Mindfulness-Based Interventions on Sleep Disturbance: A Meta-Analysis
Kanen, J. W., Nazir, R., Sedky, K., & Pradhan, B. (2015) · Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.2174/2210676605666150311222928 · Cited by 57
Wherever You Go, There You Are
Cunningham, D. J., Clark, K. M., Kirshner, D. H., & Whitson, J. A. (1998) · Educational Researcher · doi:10.2307/1176621 · Cited by 49
Nakamura, Y., Lipschitz, D. L., Donaldson, G. W., Kida, Y., Williams, S. L., Landward, R., Glover, D. W., West, G., & Tuteja, A. K. (2017) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0000000000000469 · Cited by 31
Adler, E., Dhruva, A., Moran, P. J., Daubenmier, J., Acree, M., Epel, E. S., Bacchetti, P., Prather, A. A., Mason, A., & Hecht, F. M. (2017) · The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine · doi:10.1089/acm.2016.0141 · Cited by 22
Apport de la pleine conscience dans les thérapies cognitives et comportementales de l’insomnie
Vanhuffel, H., Rey, M. F., Lambert, I., Fonséca, D. D., & Bat‐Pitault, F. (2017) · L Encéphale · doi:10.1016/j.encep.2016.12.001 · Cited by 22
(2016) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/p16-9016 · Cited by 13
From the Five Aggregates to Phenomenal Consciousness: Toward a Cross-Cultural Cognitive SciencePreprint
Davis, J. H., & Thompson, E. T. (2017) · MindRxiv (OSF Preprints) · doi:10.31231/osf.io/bs8af · Cited by 7
From the Five Aggregates to Phenomenal Consciousness: Toward a Cross-Cultural Cognitive SciencePreprint
Davis, J. H., & Thompson, E. T. (2017) · MindRxiv (OSF Preprints) · doi:10.31231/osf.io/bs8af_v1
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Goyal M., 2014, Meditation programs for psychological stress and well‐being, Comp. Eff. Rev., 124, 1
- The Nordic Cochrane Centre The Cochrane Collaboration.2014.Review.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Goldberg, S. B., Riordan, K. M., Sun, S., & Davidson, R. J. (2022) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691620968771 · Cited by 520
Jahrami, H., Alhaj, O. A., Humood, A. M., Alenezi, A. F., Fekih‐Romdhane, F., Al-Rasheed, M. M., Saif, Z., Bragazzi, N. L., Pandi-Perumal, S. R., BaHammam, A. S., et al. (2022) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2022.101591 · Cited by 359
Sleep and Diet: Mounting Evidence of a Cyclical Relationship
Zuraikat, F. M., Wood, R. A., Barragán, R., & St‐Onge, M. (2021) · Annual Review of Nutrition · doi:10.1146/annurev-nutr-120420-021719 · Cited by 230
Jones, B. J., Kaur, S., Miller, M., & Spencer, R. M. C. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.572980 · Cited by 120
Lee, S. Y., & Kang, J. (2020) · Intensive and Critical Care Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.iccn.2020.102849 · Cited by 121
Metadata
- Authors
- Rusch, H. L., Rosario, M., Levison, L. M., Olivera, A., Livingston, W. S., Wu, T., & Gill, J. M.
- Affiliations
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Columbia University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Rusch, Heather L.
- Venue
- Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2018-12-21
- Volume
- 1445
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 5-16
- ISSN
- 0077-8923 (ISSN-L)
- 1749-6632
- PMC
- PMC6557693
- OpenAlex
- W2906531803
- Semantic Scholar
- 47d8d7ccf1e568b058ea89551087dac1656620d6
- Cited by
- 500
- References
- 66
- Citations by year
- 2026: 62 · 2025: 93 · 2024: 82 · 2023: 80 · 2022: 58 · 2021: 53 · 2020: 64 · 2019: 8
- FWCI
- 5.27
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (Z99 NR999999)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Obstructive Sleep Apnea Research
- Keywords
- mindfulness meditation, sleep quality, sleep disorders, active control, placebo effect, intervention efficacy
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Sleep, Sleep Wake Disorders, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Meditation, Mindfulness
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review