Simplified adenine base editors improve adenine base editing efficiency in rice
Open accessAbstract
Adenine base editors (ABEs) have been exploited to introduce targeted adenine (A) to guanine (G) base conversions in various plant genomes, including rice, wheat and Arabidopsis. However, the ABEs reported thus far are all quite inefficient at many target sites in rice, which hampers their applications in plant genome engineering and crop breeding. Here, we show that unlike in the mammalian system, a simplified base editor ABE-P1S (Adenine Base Editor-Plant version 1 Simplified) containing the ecTadA*7.10-nSpCas9 (D10A) fusion has much higher editing efficiency in rice compared to the widely used ABE-P1 consisting of the ecTadA-ecTadA*7.10-nSpCas9 (D10A) fusion. We found that the protein expression level of ABE-P1S is higher than that of ABE-P1 in rice calli and protoplasts, which may explain the higher editing efficiency of ABE-P1S in different rice varieties. Moreover, we demonstrate that the ecTadA*7.10-nCas9 fusion can be used to improve the editing efficiency of other ABEs containing SaCas9 or the engineered SaKKH-Cas9 variant. These more efficient ABEs will help advance trait improvements in rice and other crops.
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The ABE-Plant version 1 Simplified (ABE-P1S) demonstrated higher editing efficiency in rice compared to the commonly used ecTadA-ecTadA*7.10-nSpCas9 (D10A) fusion.
“The ABE-Plant version 1 Simplified (ABE-P1S) demonstrated higher editing efficiency in rice compared to the commonly used ecTadA-ecTadA*7.10-nSpCas9 (D10A) fusion (Hua et al., 2020).”
From Emerging applications of gene editing technologies for the development of climate-resilient crops (2025) · cites this paper as Hua et al., 2020
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- Authors
- Hua, K., Tao, X., Liang, W., Zhang, Z., Gou, R., & Zhu, J.
- Affiliations
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN)
- Nanjing Agricultural University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Zhu, Jian‐Kang
- Venue
- Plant Biotechnology Journal
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2019-09-19
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 770-778
- ISSN
- 1467-7644 (ISSN-L)
- 1467-7652
- PMC
- PMC7004905
- OpenAlex
- W2970076978
- Cited by
- 108
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 3
- FWCI
- 4.47
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Plant Biotechnology Journal (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › CRISPR and Genetic Engineering
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA regulation and disease
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant Genetic and Mutation Studies
- Keywords
- adenine base editors, SaCas9, editing efficiency, rice, plant genome editing, protein abundance, crop breeding
- MeSH terms
- Gene Editing, Adenine, Oryza, Genome, Plant
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