Mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2 regulates muscle glucose uptake during exercise in mice
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KEY POINTS: Exercise is a potent physiological stimulus to clear blood glucose from the circulation into skeletal muscle. The mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2) is an important regulator of muscle glucose uptake in response to insulin stimulation. Here we report for the first time that the activity of mTORC2 in mouse muscle increases during exercise. We further show that glucose uptake during exercise is decreased in mouse muscle that lacks mTORC2 activity. We also provide novel identifications of new mTORC2 substrates during exercise in mouse muscle. ABSTRACT: Exercise increases glucose uptake into insulin-resistant muscle. Thus, elucidating the exercise signalling network in muscle may uncover new therapeutic targets. The mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2), a regulator of insulin-controlled glucose uptake, has been reported to interact with ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1), which plays a role in exercise-induced glucose uptake in muscle. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that mTORC2 activity is necessary for muscle glucose uptake during treadmill exercise. We used mice that specifically lack mTORC2 signalling in muscle by deletion of the obligatory mTORC2 component Rictor (Ric mKO). Running capacity and running-induced changes in blood glucose, plasma lactate and muscle glycogen levels were similar in wild-type (Ric WT) and Ric mKO mice. At rest, muscle glucose uptake was normal, but during running muscle glucose uptake was reduced by 40% in Ric mKO mice compared to Ric WT mice. Running increased muscle phosphorylated 5' AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) similarly in Ric WT and Ric mKO mice, and glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) and hexokinase II (HKII) protein expressions were also normal in Ric mKO muscle. The mTORC2 substrate, phosphorylated protein kinase C α (PKCα), and the mTORC2 activity readout, phosphorylated N-myc downstream regulated 1 (NDRG1) protein increased with running in Ric WT mice, but were not altered by running in Ric mKO muscle. Quantitative phosphoproteomics uncovered several additional potential exercise-dependent mTORC2 substrates, including contractile proteins, kinases, transcriptional regulators, actin cytoskeleton regulators and ion-transport proteins. Our study suggests that mTORC2 is a component of the exercise signalling network that regulates muscle glucose uptake and we provide a resource of new potential members of the mTORC2 signalling network.
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Evidence suggests that mTORC2 activity increases in response to an endurance bout in rodents.
“However, evidence suggests that mTORC2 activity increases in response to an endurance bout in rodents (Kleinert et al., 2017).”
From Skeletal Muscle Ribosome and Mitochondrial Biogenesis in Response to Different Exercise Training Modalities (2021) · cites this paper as Kleinert et al., 2017
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- Kleinert, M., Parker, B. L., Fritzen, A. M., Knudsen, J. R., Jensen, T. E., Kjobsted, R., Sylow, L., Ruegg, M., James, D. E. & Richter, E. A. (2017). Mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2 regulates muscle glucose uptake during exercise in mice. JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY- LONDON, 595 (14), pp.4845-4855. https://doi.org/10.1113/JP274203. Persistent Link: http://hdl.handle.net/11343/293015
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- Authors
- Kleinert, M., Parker, B. L., Fritzen, A. M., Knudsen, J. R., Jensen, T. E., Kjøbsted, R., Sylow, L., Ruegg, M., James, D. E., & Richter, E. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Copenhagen (DK)
- The University of Sydney (AU)
- Biozentrum University of Basel Basel Switzerland
- Corresponding author
- Kleinert, Maximilian
- ORCID
- Venue
- The Journal of Physiology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2017-06-11
- Volume
- 595
- Issue
- 14
- Pages
- 4845-4855
- ISSN
- 0022-3751 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-7793
- PMC
- PMC5509878
- OpenAlex
- W2784009886
- Cited by
- 59
- References
- 56
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 3
- FWCI
- 2.68
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The Journal of Physiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- edoc (University of Basel) (acceptedVersion)
- Minerva Access (University of Melbourne) (submittedVersion)
- Site cant be reached (submittedVersion)
- Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (submittedVersion)
- PuSH - Publication Server of Helmholtz Zentrum München (submittedVersion)
- edoc (University of Basel)
- Funders
- Sundhed og Sygdom, Det Frie Forskningsråd (0602‐02273B, 5053‐00155, 4004‐00233)
- Novo Nordisk (1015429)
- Natur og Univers, Det Frie Forskningsråd (4002‐00492B)
- Københavns Universitet
- National Health and Medical Research Council
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in cancer
- Keywords
- mTORC2, Rictor, muscle glucose uptake, physical activity, skeletal muscle, insulin resistance, Rac1, AMPK, GLUT4, hexokinase 2, protein kinase C alpha, NDRG1, phosphoproteomics
- MeSH terms
- Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 2, Rapamycin-Insensitive Companion of mTOR Protein, Animals, Blood Glucose, Female, Glucose, Glycogen, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Running, Mice, Knockout, Muscle, Skeletal, Lactic Acid
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