Exercise and GLUT4
Abstract
The glucose transporter GLUT4 is critical for skeletal muscle glucose uptake in response to insulin and muscle contraction/exercise. Exercise increases GLUT4 translocation to the sarcolemma and t-tubule and, over the longer term, total GLUT4 protein content. Here, we review key aspects of GLUT4 biology in relation to exercise, with a focus on exercise-induced GLUT4 translocation, postexercise metabolism and muscle insulin sensitivity, and exercise effects on GLUT4 expression.
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Exercise increases insulin sensitivity through enhanced GLUT4 translocation in muscle cells, redirecting glucose toward muscle rather than adipose tissue.
“Exercise increases insulin sensitivity through enhanced glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) translocation in muscle cells, redirecting glucose toward muscle rather than adipose tissue [52].”
From Beyond Calories: Individual Metabolic and Hormonal Adaptations Driving Variability in Weight Management—A State-of-the-Art Narrative Review (2024) · cites this paper as [52]
Lifestyle behaviors like exercise, stress management, and sleep quality significantly affect insulin sensitivity and lipid metabolism, modifying fat gain tendencies during overfeeding.
“Lifestyle behaviors like exercise, stress management, and sleep quality significantly affect insulin sensitivity and lipid metabolism, modifying fat gain tendencies during overfeeding.”
From Beyond Calories: Individual Metabolic and Hormonal Adaptations Driving Variability in Weight Management—A State-of-the-Art Narrative Review (2024) · cites this paper as [52]
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AMPK and TBC1D1 Regulate Muscle Glucose Uptake After, but Not During, Exercise and Contraction
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Self-citationRegulation of glucose utilization in human skeletal muscle during moderate dynamic exercise
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The RabGAP TBC1D1 Plays a Central Role in Exercise-Regulated Glucose Metabolism in Skeletal Muscle
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Changes in glucose transporters in muscle in response to exercise
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TBC1D4 Is Necessary for Enhancing Muscle Insulin Sensitivity in Response to AICAR and Contraction
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Effect of detraining on GLUT-4 protein in human skeletal muscle
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Exercise training increases adipose tissue GLUT4 expression in patients with type 2 diabetes
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Self-citationHow muscle insulin sensitivity is regulated: testing of a hypothesis
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Mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2 regulates muscle glucose uptake during exercise in mice
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“In addition to GEF and MEF2 regulation of adipose tissue GLUT4 expression (150), the liver X receptor α appears to have a role in GLUT4 expression (151), although to our knowledge, exercise effects on these factors have not been studied.”
BackgroundMcGee, S. L., Swinton, C., Morrison, S., Gaur, V., Campbell, D. E., Jørgensen, S. B., Kemp, B. E., Baar, K., Steinberg, G. R., & Hargreaves, M. (2014) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.14-249359 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
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Insulin‐induced membrane permeability to glucose in human muscles at rest and following exercise
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Self-citationSkeletal muscle GLUT-4 and postexercise muscle glycogen storage in humans
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Self-citationEffect of training and detraining on skeletal muscle glucose transporter (GLUT4) content in rats
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Effects of elevated and exercise-reduced muscle glycogen levels on insulin sensitivity
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Glut4 expression defines an insulin-sensitive hypothalamic neuronal population
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Insulin- and Contraction-Induced Glucose Transporter 4 Traffic in Muscle
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Effect of physical training on glucose transporter protein and mRNA levels in rat adipocytes
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Calcineurin Does Not Mediate Exercise-Induced Increase in Muscle GLUT4
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Exercise training increases GLUT-4 protein in rat adipose cells
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Self-citationExercise and GLUT4 in human subcutaneous adipose tissue
Flores‐Opazo, M., Boland, E., GARNHAM, A. P., Murphy, R. M., McGee, S. L., & Hargreaves, M. (2018) · Physiological Reports · doi:10.14814/phy2.13918 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Self-citationRole of glucose and insulin loads to the exercising limb in increasing glucose uptake and metabolism
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Cytosolic ROS production by NADPH oxidase 2 regulates muscle glucose uptake during exercisePreprint
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Is contraction‐stimulated glucose transport feedforward regulated by Ca2+?
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EFFECTS OF ENDURANCE EXERCISE TRAINING ON MUSCLE GLYCOGEN ACCUMULATION IN HUMANS.
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No evidence of direct association between GLUT4 and glycogen in human skeletal muscle
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An Update on the Epidemiology of Type 2 Diabetes
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Sarcopenia, frailty and type 2 diabetes mellitus (Review)
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The impact of bed rest on human skeletal muscle metabolism
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Exercise as a Therapeutic Intervention in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
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Application of Luteolin in Neoplasms and Nonneoplastic Diseases
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Exercise as a tool to mitigate metabolic disease
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Extracellular vesicles in metabolic perspective: mechanism and targeted therapy
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Exercise and health: historical perspectives and new insights
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Self-citationPotential Mechanisms for How Long-Term Physical Activity May Reduce Insulin Resistance
Lee-Ødegård, S., Olsén, T., Norheim, F., Drevon, C. A., & Birkeland, K. I. (2022) · Metabolites · doi:10.3390/metabo12030208 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Critical Review on Anti-Obesity Effects of Anthocyanins Through PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathways
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Impact of pre‐exercise feeding status on metabolic adaptations to endurance‐type exercise training
Edinburgh, R. M., Koumanov, F., & Gonzalez, J. T. (2021) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jp280748 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Impact of cancer cachexia on respiratory muscle function and the therapeutic potential of exercise
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- Authors
- Flores-Opazo, M., McGee, S. L., & Hargreaves, M.
- Affiliations
- Laboratory of Exercise and Physical Activity Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy, University Finis Terrae, Santiago, Chile
- Deakin University (AU)
- The University of Melbourne (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Hargreaves, Mark
- Venue
- Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews
- Published
- 2020-07
- Volume
- 48
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 110-118
- ISSN
- 0091-6331 (ISSN-L)
- 1538-3008
- OpenAlex
- W3036769478
- Cited by
- 102
- References
- 158
- Citations by year
- 2026: 20 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 1
- FWCI
- 1.15
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Own your potential (DEAKIN) (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- Keywords
- GLUT4, glucose transporters, physical activity, skeletal muscle glucose uptake, insulin sensitivity, GLUT4 translocation, sarcolemma, T-tubules, GLUT4 expression, muscle contraction
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Glucose, Humans, Insulin Resistance, Muscle Contraction, Sarcolemma, Transcription, Genetic, Exercise, Muscle, Skeletal, Protein Transport, Glucose Transporter Type 4
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