AMPK and TBC1D1 Regulate Muscle Glucose Uptake After, but Not During, Exercise and Contraction

Exercise, GLUT4, and skeletal muscle glucose uptake

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AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is activated in muscle of subjects with type 2 diabetes during exercise

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Predominant α2/β2/γ3 AMPK activation during exercise in human skeletal muscle

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Activation of Skeletal Muscle AMPK Promotes Glucose Disposal and Glucose Lowering in Non-human Primates and Mice

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Electrical stimulation inactivates muscle acetyl-CoA carboxylase and increases AMP-activated protein kinase

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AMPK controls exercise endurance, mitochondrial oxidative capacity, and skeletal muscle integrity.

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Enhanced muscle insulin sensitivity after contraction/exercise is mediated by AMPK

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AMP-activated Protein Kinase α2 Activity Is Not Essential for Contraction- and Hyperosmolarity-induced Glucose Transport in Skeletal Muscle

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Whole Body Deletion of AMP-activated Protein Kinase β2 Reduces Muscle AMPK Activity and Exercise Capacity

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Skeletal Muscle AMP-activated Protein Kinase Is Essential for the Metabolic Response to Exercise in Vivo

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Prior AICAR Stimulation Increases Insulin Sensitivity in Mouse Skeletal Muscle in an AMPK-Dependent Manner

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Skeletal muscle glucose uptake during contraction is regulated by nitric oxide and ROS independently of AMPK

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Increased AS160 phosphorylation, but not TBC1D1 phosphorylation, with increased postexercise insulin sensitivity in rat skeletal muscle

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Insulin and Contraction Stimulate Exocytosis, but Increased AMP-activated Protein Kinase Activity Resulting from Oxidative Metabolism Stress Slows Endocytosis of GLUT4 in Cardiomyocytes

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Acute exercise and physiological insulin induce distinct phosphorylation signatures on TBC1D1 and TBC1D4 proteins in human skeletal muscle

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Exercise Alleviates Lipid-Induced Insulin Resistance in Human Skeletal Muscle–Signaling Interaction at the Level of TBC1 Domain Family Member 4

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Contraction regulates site-specific phosphorylation of TBC1D1 in skeletal muscle

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Identification of a novel phosphorylation site on TBC1D4 regulated by AMP-activated protein kinase in skeletal muscle

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Long-Term Metformin Treatment Stimulates Cardiomyocyte Glucose Transport through an AMP-Activated Protein Kinase-Dependent Reduction in GLUT4 Endocytosis

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Sucrose nonfermenting AMPK-related kinase (SNARK) mediates contraction-stimulated glucose transport in mouse skeletal muscle

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Genetic impairment of AMPKα2 signaling does not reduce muscle glucose uptake during treadmill exercise in mice

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AMPK α1 Activation Is Required for Stimulation of Glucose Uptake by Twitch Contraction, but Not by H2O2, in Mouse Skeletal Muscle

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Deletion of Both Rab-GTPase–Activating Proteins TBC1D1 and TBC1D4 in Mice Eliminates Insulin- and AICAR-Stimulated Glucose Transport

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AMPKα is critical for enhancing skeletal muscle fatty acid utilization during in vivo exercise in mice

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LKB1 Regulates Lipid Oxidation During Exercise Independently of AMPK

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Rac1 and AMPK Account for the Majority of Muscle Glucose Uptake Stimulated by Ex Vivo Contraction but Not In Vivo Exercise

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AMP-activated protein kinase: An energy sensor and survival mechanism in the reinstatement of metabolic homeostasis

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Multifaceted Role of AMPK in Viral Infections

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Post-Translational Modifications of the Energy Guardian AMP-Activated Protein Kinase

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LANCL1 binds abscisic acid and stimulates glucose transport and mitochondrial respiration in muscle cells via the AMPK/PGC-1α/Sirt1 pathway

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Trimetazidine Attenuates Heart Failure by Improving Myocardial Metabolism via AMPK

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Contraction‐regulated mTORC1 and protein synthesis: Influence of AMPK and glycogen

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Syringaldehyde promoting intestinal motility with suppressing α-amylase hinders starch digestion in diabetic mice

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AMPK activator O304 improves metabolic and cardiac function, and exercise capacity in aged mice

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TBC1D4-S711 Controls Skeletal Muscle Insulin Sensitization After Exercise and Contraction

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AMPKγ3 Controls Muscle Glucose Uptake in Recovery From Exercise to Recapture Energy Stores

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The role of AMPK in regulation of Na+,K+-ATPase in skeletal muscle: does the gauge always plug the sink?

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Role of Non-coding RNA in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy

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It's well and truly time to stop stating that AMPK regulates glucose uptake and fat oxidation during exercise

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α-Amyrin induces GLUT4 translocation mediated by AMPK and PPARδ/γ in C2C12 myoblasts

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Sex and fiber type independently influence AMPK, TBC1D1, and TBC1D4 at rest and during recovery from high-intensity exercise in humans

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AMPK is necessary for Treg functional adaptation to microenvironmental stress during malignancy and viral pneumonia

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Entirely Self-Contained Electrochromic Epidermal Patch for Visualized and Multiplexed In Situ Sweat Analysis

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Involvement of the extracellular matrix and integrin signalling proteins in skeletal muscle glucose uptake

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Impact of pre‐exercise feeding status on metabolic adaptations to endurance‐type exercise training

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Cancer causes dysfunctional insulin signaling and glucose transport in a muscle‐type‐specific manner

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Regulation of nutrient uptake by AMP-activated protein kinase

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AMPK activation is sufficient to increase skeletal muscle glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis but is not required for contraction-mediated increases in glucose metabolism

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Skeletal muscle from TBC1D4 p.Arg684Ter variant carriers is severely insulin resistant but exhibits normal metabolic responses during exercise

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Transcriptomic Responses of Skeletal Muscle to Acute Exercise in Diabetic Goto-Kakizaki Rats

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Placebo controlled phase II clinical trial: Safety and efficacy of combining intranasal insulin & acute exercise

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From fasting to fat reshaping: exploring the molecular pathways of intermittent fasting-induced adipose tissue remodeling

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AXIN1 knockout does not alter AMPK/mTORC1 regulation and glucose metabolism in mouse skeletal muscle

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AMPK is indispensable for overload‐induced muscle glucose uptake and glycogenesis but dispensable for inducing hypertrophy in mice

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Mechanism and cellular actions of the potent AMPK inhibitor BAY-3827

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Illumination of the Endogenous Insulin-Regulated TBC1D4 Interactome in Human Skeletal Muscle

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Exercise and inactivity as modifiers of β cell function and type 2 diabetes risk

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Effects of swimming training in hot and cold temperatures combined with cinnamon supplementation on HbA1C levels, TBC1D1, and TBC1D4 in diabetic rats

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Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases in Metabolism: A New Frontier for Therapeutics

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p38α MAPK Regulation of Energy Metabolism in Skeletal Muscle Offers a Therapeutic Path for Type 2 Diabetes

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Skeletal muscle-specific inducible AMPKα1/α2 knockout mice develop muscle weakness, glycogen depletion, and fibrosis that persists during disuse atrophy

Petrocelli, J. J., Liu, J., Yee, E. M., Ferrara, P. J., Bourrant, P., de Hart, N. M. M. P., Tatum, S. M., Holland, W. J., Funai, K., & Drummond, M. J. (2023) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00261.2023 · Cited by 10 · see citing works

O304 ameliorates hyperglycemia in mice by dually promoting muscle glucose effectiveness and preserving β-cell function

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Salbutamol Increases Leg Glucose Uptake and Metabolic Rate but not Muscle Glycogen Resynthesis in Recovery From Exercise

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Skeletal muscle phenotype signaling with ex vivo endurance-type dynamic contractions in rat muscle

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The Spatial‐Temporal Alternative Splicing Profile Reveals the Functional Diversity of FXR1 Isoforms in Myogenesis

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Canonical and Alternative Pathways (Insulin and Exercise) of GLUT4 Synthesis, Signaling, Intracellular Clustering, and Recruitment to the Plasma Membrane

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Phosphorylation of AMPKα at Ser485/491 Is Dependent on Muscle Contraction and Not Muscle-Specific IGF-I Overexpression

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Sirtuin 1 is not required for contraction-stimulated glucose uptake in mouse skeletal muscle

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TBC1D1 Ser 237 phosphorylation, but not insulin sensitivity, is higher following a bout of high-intensity interval exercise in healthy males as compared with females

Beaudry, K. M., Surdi, J. C., Wilkinson, J. A., & Devries, M. C. (2023) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00281.2021 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

Systems modeling and uncertainty quantification of AMP-activated protein kinase signaling

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Exercise-Regulated Skeletal Muscle Glucose Uptake

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Rationale for the use of metformin and exercise to counteract statin‐associated side effects

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DEXAMETHASONE-INDUCED METABOLIC SYNDROME: RE-EVALUATION OF AN UNDERESTIMATED EXPERIMENTAL MODEL

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Greater glycemic control following low-load, high-repetition resistance exercise compared with moderate-intensity continuous exercise in males and females: a randomized control trial

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Glucose uptake in mammalian cells measured by ICP-MS

Norman, N. J., Ghali, J., Radzyukevich, T. L., Heiny, J. A., & Figueroa, J. A. L. (2022) · Microchemical Journal · doi:10.1016/j.microc.2022.108222 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

AMPKα2 regulates fasting-induced hyperketonemia by suppressing SCOT ubiquitination and degradation

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Effects of dietary metformin on growth performance, liver function and glucose metabolism of rice field eel fed high carbohydrate diets

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Ampk alpha2 T172 activation dictates exercise performance and energy transduction in skeletal muscle

Montalvo, R. N., Li, X., Many, G. M., Sagendorf, T. J., Yu, Q., Shen, W., Wase, N. V., Burgardt, A. R., Zhang, T., Gritsenko, M., et al. (2026) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.aeb3338 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Exercise Prescription Principles among Physicians and Physical Therapists for Patients with Impaired Glucose Control: A Cross-Sectional Study

Petrie, M. A., Johnson, K. A., Dubey, O., & Shields, R. K. (2023) · Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology · doi:10.3390/jfmk8030112 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

AMPK and glucose deprivation exert an isoform-specific effect on the expression of Na+,K+-ATPase subunits in cultured myotubes

Vidović, A., Dolinar, K., Chibalin, A., & Pirkmajer, S. (2024) · Journal of Muscle Research and Cell Motility · doi:10.1007/s10974-024-09673-9 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Postexercise ketone monoester administration concomitant with glucose stimulates glycogen repletion in soleus muscle in mice

Takahashi, Y., Matsumoto, T., Wang, W., Inaba, T., Terada, S., & Hatta, H. (2025) · American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00311.2025 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Skeletal muscle glycogen synthesis – it turns out we still know very little

Mackenzie, R. (2020) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jp280759 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Comment on De Wendt et al. Contraction-Mediated Glucose Transport in Skeletal Muscle Is Regulated by a Framework of AMPK, TBC1D1/4, and Rac1. Diabetes 2021;70:2796–2809

Kjøbsted, R., & Wojtaszewski, J. F. P. (2022) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db21-1036 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

AMP-activated protein kinase is necessary for Treg cell functional adaptation to microenvironmental stressPreprint

Acosta, M. A. T., Mambetsariev, N., Flores, C. P. R., Helmin, K. A., Liu, Q., Joudi, A. M., Morales‐Nebreda, L., Gurkan, J. K., Cheng, K., Abdala‐Valencia, H., et al. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.11.29.568904 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Obesity-Associated Genetic Variants and AMPK Signaling in Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review of Mechanisms and Clinical ImplicationsPreprint

Siddiqui, I., Khan, N. A., & Haider, Z. (2025) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2025.10.04.25337310 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

The human AMPKγ3 R225W mutation negatively impacts site‐1 nucleotide binding and does not enhance basal AMPKγ3 ‐associated activity nor glycogen production in human or mouse skeletal muscle

Eskesen, N. O., Kjøbsted, R., Birk, J. B., Henriksen, N. S., Andersen, N. R., Ringholm, S., Pilegaard, H., & Wojtaszewski, J. F. P. (2024) · Acta Physiologica · doi:10.1111/apha.14213 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Insulin resistance in the 21st century: new takes on an old problem—2025 Diabetes, Diabetes Care, and Diabetologia Expert Forum

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Autozygosity mapping and time-to-spontaneous delivery in Norwegian parent-offspring trios

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Beta 2 -adrenoceptor agonist salbutamol increases leg glucose uptake and metabolic rate but not muscle glycogen resynthesis in recovery from resistance exercise of the quadriceps in lean young menPreprint

Onslev, J., Thomasson, M., Wojtaszewski, J. F. P., Bangsbo, J., & Hostrup, M. (2021) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2021.04.30.442161 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Regulation of Skeletal Muscle Glucose Uptake: A Focus on Nitric Oxide Synthase and Rac1 Signalling

Kerris, J. P. (2020) · Victoria University Research Repository (Victoria University)

Response to Comment on Wendt et al. Contraction-Mediated Glucose Transport in Skeletal Muscle Is Regulated by a Framework of AMPK, TBC1D1/4, and Rac1. Diabetes 2021;70:2796–2809

Chadt, A., & Al‐Hasani, H. (2022) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/dbi21-0038

Importância da proteína quinase ativada por AMP (AMPK) na regulação da sinalização do TGF-β e diferenciação das células T reguladoras

Hernandez, C. A. S. (2021) · doi:10.11606/t.17.2021.tde-11042022-103824

Exercise interventions in women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Moreno‐Asso, A., Patten, R. K., & McIlvenna, L. C. (2022) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-89843-0.00020-9 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

O papel do eixo irisina/AMPK na proteção renal induzida pelo exercício físico no diabetes mellitus

Formigari, G. P. (2022) · doi:10.47749/t/unicamp.2022.1254246

A comprehensive analysis of the oncogenic and prognostic role of TBC1Ds in human hepatocellular carcinoma

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The inhibitory SAPS3 – AMPK interaction detected in HEK293 cells is not detectable in muscle or liver from humans or mice

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