The DOI matches its Crossref record; 1 of the 1 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Application of fourier analysis to the visibility of gratings
Open accessAbstract
1. The contrast thresholds of a variety of grating patterns have been measured over a wide range of spatial frequencies. 2. Contrast thresholds for the detection of gratings whose luminance profiles are sine, square, rectangular or saw‐tooth waves can be simply related using Fourier theory. 3. Over a wide range of spatial frequencies the contrast threshold of a grating is determined only by the amplitude of the fundamental Fourier component of its wave form. 4. Gratings of complex wave form cannot be distinguished from sine‐wave gratings until their contrast has been raised to a level at which the higher harmonic components reach their independent threshold. 5. These findings can be explained by the existence within the nervous system of linearly operating independent mechanisms selectively sensitive to limited ranges of spatial frequencies.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
The contrast sensitivity of retinal ganglion cells of the cat
Enroth-Cugell, C., & Robson, J. G. (1966) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1966.sp008107 · Cited by 2,625
Self-citation
Cited by
Marr, D., & Hildreth, E. (1980) · Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B. Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.1980.0020 · Cited by 6,510
Spatiotemporal energy models for the perception of motion
Adelson, E. H., & Bergen, J. R. (1985) · Journal of the Optical Society of America A · doi:10.1364/josaa.2.000284 · Cited by 3,442
Relations between the statistics of natural images and the response properties of cortical cells
Field, D. J. (1987) · Journal of the Optical Society of America A · doi:10.1364/josaa.4.002379 · Cited by 3,241
Daugman, J. G. (1985) · Journal of the Optical Society of America A · doi:10.1364/josaa.2.001160 · Cited by 3,219
Unsupervised texture segmentation using Gabor filters
Jain, A. K., & Farrokhnia, F. (1991) · Pattern Recognition · doi:10.1016/0031-3203(91)90143-s · Cited by 2,182
ConvNeXt V2: Co-designing and Scaling ConvNets with Masked Autoencoders
Woo, S., Debnath, S., Hu, R., Chen, X., Liu, Z., Kweon, I. S., & Xie, S. (2023) · 2023 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) · doi:10.1109/cvpr52729.2023.01548 · Cited by 1,791
Multichannel texture analysis using localized spatial filters
Bovik, A. C., Clark, M., & Geisler, W. S. (1990) · IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence · doi:10.1109/34.41384 · Cited by 1,382
Controlling low-level image properties: The SHINE toolbox
Willenbockel, V., Sadr, J., Fiset, D., Horne, G. O., Gosselin, F., & Tanaka, J. W. (2010) · Behavior Research Methods · doi:10.3758/brm.42.3.671 · Cited by 1,166
Two-dimensional spectral analysis of cortical receptive field profiles
Daugman, J. G. (1980) · Vision Research · doi:10.1016/0042-6989(80)90065-6 · Cited by 1,208
Model of human visual-motion sensing
Watson, A. B., & Ahumada, A. J. (1985) · Journal of the Optical Society of America A · doi:10.1364/josaa.2.000322 · Cited by 1,170
Predictive coding: a fresh view of inhibition in the retina
Srinivasan, M. V., Laughlin, S. B., & Dubs, A. (1982) · Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B. Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.1982.0085 · Cited by 1,042
The effects of a visual fidelity criterion of the encoding of images
Mannos, J., & Sakrison, D. (1974) · IEEE Transactions on Information Theory · doi:10.1109/tit.1974.1055250 · Cited by 1,063
Modern Image Quality Assessment
Wang, Z., & Bovik, A. C. (2006) · Synthesis Lectures on Image, Video, and Multimedia Processing · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-02238-8 · Cited by 967
Polat, U., & Sagi, D. (1993) · Vision Research · doi:10.1016/0042-6989(93)90081-7 · Cited by 818
From Blobs to Boundary Edges: Evidence for Time- and Spatial-Scale-Dependent Scene Recognition
Schyns, P. G., & Oliva, A. (1994) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.1994.tb00500.x · Cited by 715
Cardinal rules: visual orientation perception reflects knowledge of environmental statistics
Girshick, A. R., Landy, M. S., & Simoncelli, E. P. (2011) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.2831 · Cited by 613
Human luminance pattern-vision mechanisms: masking experiments require a new model
Foley, J. M. (1994) · Journal of the Optical Society of America A · doi:10.1364/josaa.11.001710 · Cited by 573
Miyawaki, Y., Uchida, H., Yamashita, O., Sato, M.-A., Morito, Y., Tanabe, H. C., Sadato, N., & Kamitani, Y. (2008) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2008.11.004 · Cited by 543
Visual dysfunction in Parkinson’s disease
Weil, R. S., Schrag, A. E., Warren, J. D., Crutch, S. J., Lees, A. J., & Morris, H. R. (2016) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/aww175 · Cited by 481
“This is more suggestive of a cortical rather than retinal or geniculate site of disruption as cortical neurons show stronger selectivity for different spatial frequencies than neurons in the retina or thalamus (Campbell and Robson, 1968; De Valois et al., 1982; Regan, 1982).”
BackgroundSustained and transient mechanisms in human vision: Temporal and spatial properties
Legge, G. E. (1978) · Vision Research · doi:10.1016/0042-6989(78)90079-2 · Cited by 445
Ecological statistics of Gestalt laws for the perceptual organization of contours
Elder, J. H., & Goldberg, R. M. (2002) · Journal of Vision · doi:10.1167/2.4.5 · Cited by 333
Perceptual quality prediction on authentically distorted images using a bag of features approach
Ghadiyaram, D., & Bovik, A. C. (2017) · Journal of Vision · doi:10.1167/17.1.32 · Cited by 322
Bodis-Wollner, I. (1990) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/0166-2236(90)90113-o · Cited by 296
Separate modifiability, mental modules, and the use of pure and composite measures to reveal them
Sternberg, S. (2001) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/s0001-6918(00)00045-7 · Cited by 266
Enhanced pure-tone pitch discrimination among persons with autism but not Asperger syndrome
Bonnel, A., McAdams, S., Smith, B., Berthiaume, C., Bertone, A., Ciocca, V., Burack, J. A., & Mottron, L. (2010) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2010.04.020 · Cited by 262
Motion psychophysics: 1985-2010.
Burr, D., & Thompson, P. (2011) · Vision Research · doi:10.1016/j.visres.2011.02.008 · Cited by 178
Slaghuis, W. A. (1998) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.107.1.49 · Cited by 168
Two distinct scene processing networks connecting vision and memory
Baldassano, C., Esteva, A., Fei-Fei, L., & Beck, D. M. (2016) · eneuro · doi:10.1523/eneuro.0178-16.2016 · Cited by 144
Predicting visual sensitivity in retinal prosthesis patients
Horsager, A., Greenwald, S. H., Weiland, J. D., Humayun, M. S., Greenberg, R. J., McMahon, M. J., Boynton, G. M., & Fine, I. (2009) · Investigative Opthalmology & Visual Science · doi:10.1167/iovs.08-2595 · Cited by 107
Development of pattern vision following early and extended blindness
Kalia, A., Lesmes, L. A., Dorr, M., Gandhi, T., Chatterjee, G., Ganesh, S., Bex, P. J., & Sinha, P. (2014) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1311041111 · Cited by 106
Amplitude and Spatial-Period Discrimination in Sinusoidal Gratings by Dynamic Touch
Nefs, H. T., Kappers, A. M. L., & Koenderink, J. J. (2001) · Perception · doi:10.1068/p3217 · Cited by 47
Mapping the visual field in mental imagery
Finke, R. A., & Kurtzman, H. S. (1981) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: General · doi:10.1037/0096-3445.110.4.501 · Cited by 40
Perceptual Video Processing: Seeing the Future [Point of View]
Bovik, A. C. (2010) · Proceedings of the IEEE · doi:10.1109/jproc.2010.2068371 · Cited by 19
Hold me tight! Influence of discriminative features on deep network boundaries
Ortiz-Jimenez, G., Modas, A., Moosavi-Dezfooli, S.-M., & Frossard, P. (2020) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2002.06349 · Cited by 15
Comparing models of contrast gain using psychophysical experiments
DiMattina, C. (2016) · Journal of Vision · doi:10.1167/16.9.1 · Cited by 12
Metadata
- Authors
- Campbell, F. W., & Robson, J. G.
- Venue
- The Journal of Physiology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1968-08
- Volume
- 197
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 551-566
- ISSN
- 0022-3751 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-7793
- OpenAlex
- W1999908130
- Cited by
- 3,019
- References
- 1
- FWCI
- 11.38
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
