Cited by 142Sports Performance and TrainingMuscle metabolism and nutritionThermoregulation and physiological responses

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Energy Balance during an Ironman Triathlon in Male and Female Triathletes

Kimber, Nicholas E., Ross, Jenny J., Mason, Sue L., Speedy, Dale B.·2002·International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism

DOI 10.1123/ijsnem.12.1.47

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Abstract

Energy balance of 10 male and 8 female triathletes participating in an Ironman event (3.8-km swim, 180-km cycle, 42.2-km run) was investigated. Energy intake (EI) was monitored at 7 designated points by dietary recall of food and fluid consumption. Energy expenditure (EE) during cycling and running was calculated using heart rate-V̇O 2 regression equations and during swimming by the multiple regression equation: Y = 3.65v + 0.02 W − 2.545 where Y is V̇O 2 in L · min−1, v is the velocity in m · s−1, Wis the body weight in kilograms. Total EE (10.036 ± 931 and 8570 ± 1014 kcal) was significantly greater than total El (3940 ± 868 and 3115 ± 914kcal, p < .001) formales and females, respectively, although energy balance was not different between genders. Finishing time was inversely related to carbohydrate (CHO) intake (g · kg−1 · h−1) during the marathonrun formales (r=−.75, p < .05), and not females, suggesting that increasing CHO ingestion during the run may have been a useful strategy for improving Ironman performance in male triathletes.

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Authors: Kimber, N. E., Ross, J. J., Mason, S. L., & Speedy, D. B.
Affiliations: University of Guelph (CA)
ORCID: Kimber, Nicholas E.
Venue: International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Published: 2002-03
Volume: 12
Issue: 1
Pages: 47-62
ISSN: 1526-484X (ISSN-L)
1543-2742
DOI: 10.1123/ijsnem.12.1.47
OpenAlex: W112505005
Cited by: 142
References: 27
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 6
FWCI: 2.38
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Thermoregulation and physiological responses
Keywords: energy balance, Ironman triathlon, triathletes, energy expenditure, energy intake, carbohydrate intake, gender differences, finishing time, endurance performance
MeSH terms: Adult, Bicycling, Body Composition, Energy Intake, Dietary Carbohydrates, Energy Metabolism, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Oxygen Consumption, Mental Recall, Running, Sex Characteristics, Sodium, Dietary, Sports, Swimming

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Energy Balance during an Ironman Triathlon in Male and Female Triathletes

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