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Cited by 196Muscle metabolism and nutritionCardiovascular and exercise physiologySports Performance and Training

Influence of carbohydrate loading on fuel substrate turnover and oxidation during prolonged exercise

Bosch, A. N., Dennis, S. C., Noakes, T. D.·1993·Journal of Applied Physiology
DOI 10.1152/jappl.1993.74.4.1921
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Abstract

This study compared liver glucose turnover, blood glucose oxidation, and muscle glycogen utilization in 15 male endurance-trained cyclists who rode for 180 min at 70% of maximal O2 consumption in either a carbohydrate-(CHO) loaded (CL) or a non-CHO-loaded (NL) state. Total CHO oxidation during exercise was similar in the CL and NL subjects (492 +/- 77 vs. 448 +/- 43 g, respectively), as were blood glucose oxidation (103 +/- 19 vs. 99 +/- 7 g, respectively) and liver glucose appearance (110 +/- 15 vs. 127 +/- 16 g, respectively). However, total muscle glycogen utilization was greater in CL than NL subjects (134 +/- 11 vs. 95 +/- 12 mmol/kg wet wt; P < 0.05), the former of which had higher muscle glycogen content at the start (194 +/- 4 vs. 124 +/- 7 mmol/kg wet wt; P < 0.05) and throughout the trial. Whereas high rates of muscle glycogen breakdown were maintained throughout the trial in CL subjects, rates of muscle glycogenolysis in NL subjects decreased to 26 mmol.kg wet wt-1.h-1 after 60 min of exercise (P < 0.05) when their muscle glycogen content had declined to 70 mmol/kg wet wt. Comparable rates of blood glucose and overall CHO oxidation in CL and NL subjects, despite a slowing of muscle glycogenolysis in the NL group, could be explained by an accelerated breakdown of glycogen in the nonworking muscles to redistribute CHO (lactate) to the working muscles for oxidation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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Crossref · 10.1152/jappl.1993.74.4.1921

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  • In highly trained endurance athletes, muscle glycogen concentrations can reach 700-800 mmol kg−1 dw, corresponding to water retention equivalent to as much as ~3 to 4 L for a 75 kg athlete.

    “In highly trained endurance athletes, muscle glycogen concentrations can reach 700–800 mmol kg−1 dw, which corresponds to water retention equivalent to as much as ~3 to 4 L for a 75 kg athlete [13, 46].”

    From Carbohydrate Storage and Supplementation Strategies for Peak Performance in Cross-Country Skiing (2026) · cites this paper as [46]

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Authors
Bosch, A. N., Dennis, S. C., & Noakes, T. D.
Affiliations
University of Cape Town (ZA)
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Applied Physiology
Publisher
American Physiological Society
Published
1993-04-01
Volume
74
Issue
4
Pages
1921-1927
ISSN
  • 0161-7567 (ISSN-L)
  • 8750-7587
  • 1522-1601
DOI
10.1152/jappl.1993.74.4.1921
OpenAlex
W2100833574
Cited by
196
References
43
Citations by year
2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 5 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 7
FWCI
2.18
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Journal of Applied Physiology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
Keywords
carbohydrate loading, carbohydrate oxidation, muscle glycogen utilization, muscle glycogenolysis, prolonged exercise, endurance cyclists
MeSH terms
Adult, Blood Glucose, Dietary Carbohydrates, Glucose, Glycogen, Humans, Kinetics, Liver, Liver Glycogen, Male, Muscles, Oxidation-Reduction, Oxygen Consumption, Physical Endurance, Exercise

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