The DOI matches its Crossref record; 89 of the 89 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Toward a Common Understanding of Diet–Exercise Strategies to Manipulate Fuel Availability for Training and Competition Preparation in Endurance Sport
Open accessAbstract
From the breakthrough studies of dietary carbohydrate and exercise capacity in the 1960s through to the more recent studies of cellular signaling and the adaptive response to exercise in muscle, it has become apparent that manipulations of dietary fat and carbohydrate within training phases, or in the immediate preparation for competition, can profoundly alter the availability and utilization of these major fuels and, subsequently, the performance of endurance sport (events >30 min up to ∼24 hr). A variety of terms have emerged to describe new or nuanced versions of such exercise–diet strategies (e.g., train low, train high, low-carbohydrate high-fat diet, periodized carbohydrate diet). However, the nonuniform meanings of these terms have caused confusion and miscommunication, both in the popular press and among the scientific community. Sports scientists will continue to hold different views on optimal protocols of fuel support for training and competition in different endurance events. However, to promote collaboration and shared discussions, a commonly accepted and consistent terminology will help to strengthen hypotheses and experimental/experiential data around various strategies. We propose a series of definitions and explanations as a starting point for a more unified dialogue around acute and chronic manipulations of fat and carbohydrate in the athlete’s diet, noting philosophies of approaches rather than a single/definitive macronutrient prescription. We also summarize some of the key questions that need to be tackled to help produce greater insight into this exciting area of sports nutrition research and practice.
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“It is well documented that carbohydrate availability during exercise is ergogenic as CHO feeding can help maintain plasma glucose and prevent hypoglycemia, spare hepatic glycogen, and delay muscle glycogen depletion [195–198].”
From International society of sports nutrition position stand: nutritional concerns of the female athlete (2023) · cites this paper as [196]
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“Indeed, CHO availability for racing can be maximized by adhering to a contemporary loading strategy (i.e., ~10 g·kg− 1·d− 1) in the 48 h leading into the event [42, 44], with care taken to avoid GI distress.”
From International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: nutritional considerations for single-stage ultra-marathon training and racing (2019) · cites this paper as [44]
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Citations
Cites
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Cited by
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Mohr, A. E., Jäger, R., Carpenter, K. C., Kerksick, C. M., Purpura, M., Townsend, J. R., West, N. P., Black, K., Gleeson, M., Pyne, D. B., et al. (2020) · Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · doi:10.1186/s12970-020-00353-w · Cited by 378
Iron considerations for the athlete: a narrative review
Sim, M., Garvican-Lewis, L. A., Cox, G. R., Govus, A., McKay, A. K. A., Stellingwerff, T., & Peeling, P. (2019) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-019-04157-y · Cited by 274
Self-citationThe molecular athlete: exercise physiology from mechanisms to medals
Furrer, R., Hawley, J. A., & Handschin, C. (2023) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00017.2022 · Cited by 253
Self-citationContemporary Nutrition Strategies to Optimize Performance in Distance Runners and Race Walkers
Burke, L. M., Jeukendrup, A. E., Jones, A. M., & Mooses, M. (2019) · International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism · doi:10.1123/ijsnem.2019-0004 · Cited by 170
Self-citationStellingwerff, T., Heikura, I. A., Meeusen, R., Bermon, S., Seiler, S., Mountjoy, M. L., & Burke, L. M. (2021) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-021-01491-0 · Cited by 171
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Burke, L. M., Hawley, J. A., Jeukendrup, A., Morton, J. P., Stellingwerff, T., & Maughan, R. J.
- Affiliations
- Australian Catholic University (AU)
- Loughborough University (GB)
- Liverpool John Moores University (GB)
- University of Victoria (CA)
- University of St Andrews (GB)
- Venue
- International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism
- Publisher
- Human Kinetics
- Published
- 2018-09-01
- Volume
- 28
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 451-463
- ISSN
- 1526-484X (ISSN-L)
- 1543-2742
- OpenAlex
- W2892684886
- Cited by
- 132
- References
- 89
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 4
- FWCI
- 9.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Bank (Australian Catholic University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Keywords
- endurance sports, fuel availability, carbohydrate intake, dietary fat, low-carbohydrate high-fat diet, competition preparation, exercise adaptation, terminology, sports nutrition
- MeSH terms
- Diet, Dietary Carbohydrates, Dietary Fats, Energy Metabolism, Humans, Physical Endurance, Sports, Diet, Carbohydrate-Restricted, Athletic Performance, Diet, High-Fat, Sports Nutritional Physiological Phenomena
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