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Cited by 91Muscle activation and electromyography studiesSports Performance and TrainingLower Extremity Biomechanics and Pathologies

A Comparison of Gluteus Maximus, Biceps Femoris, and Vastus Lateralis Electromyography Amplitude in the Parallel, Full, and Front Squat Variations in Resistance-Trained Females

Contreras, Bret, Vigotsky, Andrew D., Schoenfeld, Brad J., Beardsley, Chris, Cronin, John·2016·Journal of Applied Biomechanics
DOI 10.1123/jab.2015-0113
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Abstract

Front, full, and parallel squats are some of the most popular squat variations. The purpose of this investigation was to compare mean and peak electromyography (EMG) amplitude of the upper gluteus maximus, lower gluteus maximus, biceps femoris, and vastus lateralis of front, full, and parallel squats. Thirteen healthy women (age = 28.9 ± 5.1 y; height = 164 ± 6.3 cm; body mass = 58.2 ± 6.4 kg) performed 10 repetitions of their estimated 10-repetition maximum of each respective variation. There were no statistical (P ≤ .05) differences between full, front, and parallel squats in any of the tested muscles. Given these findings, it can be concluded that the front, full, or parallel squat can be performed for similar EMG amplitudes. However, given the results of previous research, it is recommended that individuals use a full range of motion when squatting, assuming full range can be safely achieved, to promote more favorable training adaptations. Furthermore, despite requiring lighter loads, the front squat may provide a similar training stimulus to the back squat.

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  • Up to 25% of patients with FAI can perform deep squats without pain.

    “Although up to 25% of patients with FAI can perform deep squats without pain,55 it is important to note that deep squats impose large amplitudes of hip joint stress56 and increase the requirements for hip flexion and hip internal rotation,54,57 the hallmark movements that contribute to impingement.”

    From A Biomechanical Review of the Squat Exercise: Implications for Clinical Practice. (2024) · cites this paper as [55]

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Authors
Contreras, B., Vigotsky, A. D., Schoenfeld, B. J., Beardsley, C., & Cronin, J.
Affiliations
  • Auckland University of Technology (NZ)
  • Arizona State University (US)
  • Lehman College (US)
  • 2Strength and Conditioning Research Limited
  • Edith Cowan University (AU)
Corresponding author
Vigotsky, Andrew D.
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Applied Biomechanics
Publisher
Human Kinetics
Published
2016-02
Volume
32
Issue
1
Pages
16-22
ISSN
  • 1065-8483 (ISSN-L)
  • 1543-2688
DOI
10.1123/jab.2015-0113
OpenAlex
W2273095385
Cited by
91
References
56
Citations by year
2026: 5 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 1
FWCI
2.32
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Journal of Applied Biomechanics (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Research Online (Edith Cowan University) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Muscle activation and electromyography studies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Lower Extremity Biomechanics and Pathologies
Keywords
squat variations, front squat, parallel squat, electromyography amplitude, gluteus maximus, biceps femoris, vastus lateralis, resistance training, women, range of motion, training stimulus, muscle activation
MeSH terms
Hamstring Muscles, Adult, Biomechanical Phenomena, Electromyography, Female, Humans, Leg, Muscle Contraction, Range of Motion, Articular, Muscle, Skeletal, Resistance Training

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